MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - CHAPTER 369C MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - LONG TITLE Empowering section VerDate:30/06/1997 (Cap 369 section 123(3))* [4 October 1941] ___________________________________________________________________ Note: * These regulations were made under section 10(6) of 10 of 1899. See section 119(1) of the Merchant Shipping Ordinance (Cap 281) and section 123(3) of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) Ordinance (Cap 369). MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - PREAMBLE Preamble VerDate:02/01/2007 PRELIMINARY I. Object of instructions and responsibility of surveyors The object of these instructions is to secure uniformity of action by Government surveyors of ships in the performance of their duties in regard to the survey of passenger ships under the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Ordinance (Cap 281) and also to indicate to shipowners, shipbuilders and others concerned the conditions under which the Governor is prepared to issue safety certificates or passenger certificates. Government surveyors are in no case to give a declaration either for the hull, boilers, machinery or equipment or any other matter unless they are fully satisfied that all the requirements of the Merchant Shipping Ordinance (Cap 281) and of the Merchant Shipping Acts 1894 to 1958+, relating to these matters have been complied with. It is the duty of the Government surveyors of ships to satisfy themselves personally regarding every detail of the survey of a passenger ship and not, without the authority of the Principal Surveyor of Ships, to trust to any certificate or other document given by any person not responsible to the Governor. This instruction does not apply to certificates of compass adjustment. II. Definitions (1) So far as the same are not inconsistent with the provisions of these instructions the definitions contained in regulation 2 of the Merchant Shipping (Life Saving Appliances) Regulations 1935 shall apply in the interpretation of these instructions. (24 of 2005 s. 55) (2) In these instructions- "Principal Surveyor of Ships" (首席驗船師) means the Assistant Director of Marine (Ship Surveys); "Declaration of Survey" (檢驗聲明書) means a declaration made under Part VI of the Merchant Shipping Ordinance (Cap 281); "Safety convention ship" (安全公約船舶) means a ship belonging to a country to which the Safety Convention applies and the expression "Safety Convention passenger steamer" (安全公約客輪) shall be construed accordingly; "Special passenger trade" (特別客運業) or "Simla Special Trade" (西姆拉特別業務) means any passenger trade in which passenger steamers are employed in the carriage of large numbers of unberthed passengers, and "special passenger trade voyage" (特別客運業航程) shall be construed accordingly. III. Application for survey Every passenger steamer must be surveyed at least once every year. The survey will be arranged on the application of the owners whose duty it is to cause such survey to be made. Application for survey should be made on the form Surveys 6 which can be obtained at the Principal Surveyor of Ship's Office. IV. Notice of survey In order that the survey may be taken in hand without delay, at least three days' notice should be given to the Principal Surveyor of Ships. V. Fees to be paid before survey is commenced Except by the express direction of the Principal Surveyor of Ships, no survey shall be commenced until the appropriate fee is paid. VI. Presence of owner & c. at survey Government surveyors of ships should, if possible, make their inspections when the owner, agent, master or chief mate and chief engineer of the vessel are present. Defects can then be pointed out to the proper persons without incurring the uncertainty and delay attendant upon messages delivered to subordinate officers. If the owners do not instruct a responsible representative to be present, the Government surveyor of ships will proceed with the survey in his absence. VII. Written statement of repairs In order to prevent mistakes as to the nature and extent of repairs required by the Government surveyors whenever they cannot give a declaration until repairs are effected or alterations made, they will, on request, give to the owner or agent a written statement of the nature and extent of the defects to be remedied or alterations required. If any difference of opinion should arise or any questions be raised between the Government surveyor of ships and the owner, or other persons interested in the survey, the case should be reported to the Principal Surveyor of Ships. VIII. Alterations made subsequent to survey After the completion of the survey no change is to be made in the approved structural arrangements, watertight subdivision arrangements, passenger accommodation, equipments or machinery without the sanction of the Principal Surveyor of Ships. Surveyors should therefore make it generally known to owners and their technical representatives that where it is proposed to make any alterations or additions affecting the ship or its machinery or equipments, or the passengers'or crew's accommodation, prior information should be given to the Principal Surveyor of Ships so that appropriate action can be taken before such alterations or additions are made. In all cases the Principal Surveyor of Ships will decide whether or not it will be necessary to issue fresh declarations or certificates. IX. Accidents and damage When from any cause a passenger steamship has sustained damage affecting her seaworthiness or efficiency in any part of her hull, equipments or machinery a Government surveyor of ships is to go on board and ascertain the extent of the damage. The surveyor should at once report to the Principal Surveyor of Ships the result of his examination, and whether in his opinion the vessel is rendered inefficient or unseaworthy in hull, machinery or equipment, and whether or not he has detained the ship. On completion of any repairs a full report is to be filed in the office of the Principal Surveyor of Ships. X. Survey for issue of a certifying letter For the convenience of ship-builders and shipowners, the Government allows the surveyors to undertake the survey, or partial survey, during construction, of ships which will not qualify for a passenger certificate owing to the absence of passenger accommodation, or to non-compliance with the regulations having reference to hull, life-saving appliances, or other part of the equipment, machinery or boilers, and after such a survey, or partial survey (which may include the steam trial), the Government will, if desired, issue a letter certifying that the hull, machinery, boilers, or other parts specified, have been constructed to the satisfaction of the surveyor, and that, had the regulations been fully complied with in all other respects, the ship would have been entitled to a passenger certificate under the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Ordinance (Cap 281). In the survey for a certifying letter the procedure should be identical with that followed in the survey for passenger certificate. A letter similar in character to the above will be issued by the Government in respect of new engines, boilers, or auxiliary machinery which have been constructed under survey in the usual way, but do not comply with the highest legal requirements, and are therefore not entitled to a certificate. When for any reason, a ship is not to be surveyed during construction for a passenger certificate or certifying letter the Principal Surveyor of Ships will undertake to examine and advise upon any plans showing the hull scantlings, watertight subdivision and other arrangements and details proposed for the ship, and, where the final proposals comply with the legal requirements for passenger ships, to issue a certifying letter to that effect. ___________________________________________________________________ Note: + Please also see following- (a) in relation to the Merchant Shipping Act 1894, Part 3 of Schedule 5 to Cap 415 and s. 1 of Schedule 2 to Cap 508; (b) in relation to the Merchant Shipping Acts 1894 to 1979, s. 117 of Cap 281, s. 103 of Cap 415 and s. 142 of Cap 478. "Principal Surveyor of Ships" (首席驗船師) "Declaration of Survey" (檢驗聲明書) "Safety convention ship" (安全公約船舶) "Safety Convention passenger steamer" (安全公約客輪) "Special passenger trade" (特別客運業) "Simla Special Trade" (西姆拉特別業務) "special passenger trade voyage" (特別客運業航程) MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 1 Survey during construction VerDate:30/06/1997 PART I CONSTRUCTION OF HULL (1) Every new steamship for which, when completed, a safety certificate or a passenger certificate will be required, is to be surveyed during construction and these Instructions are for the guidance of the surveyor in carrying out this duty. (2) All proposals relating to hull scantlings, structural strength, watertight subdivision, escapes, weathertight arrangements and fire-resisting bulkheads are in the first instance to be referred to the Principal Surveyor of Ships. (See paragraph 74). (3) In order to avoid the inconvenience and delay which might arise if alterations or amendments are deemed necessary the various plans and particulars should be submitted before the work is put in hand at the ship. (4) As the construction of the ship proceeds the surveyor is to satisfy himself that the arrangements and details in connection with the structure of the hull, watertight subdivision, fire-resisting bulkheads, etc., are in accordance with the approved plans and these Instructions. Where any parts or arrangements are found to be materially different from those approved by the surveyor of ships or are unsatisfactory in any respect the surveyor is at once to forward a report to the Principal Surveyor of Ships. All pressure and hose tests specified in these Instructions are to be carried out in the presence and to the satisfaction of the surveyor, who will make appropriate records of the tests. (5) Standard of Subdivision: The surveyor must satisfy himself that the approved standard of subdivision is provided in the ship and the procedure described below is generally to be followed- (a) Spacing of watertight bulkheads: The positions of the main transverse bulkheads are to be noted from the approved subdivision plans and recorded in Form B.H.1. These positions are to be checked at the ship together with those of the approved steps and recesses in the watertight bulkheads, and the arrangement of longitudinal watertight and non-watertight bulkheads. (b) Form of ship: In order that the surveyor may satisfy himself that the form of the ship as built substantially agrees with the particulars from which the flooding curves have been developed, the following or other approved procedure is to be adopted- The surveyor is to measure from the plans and enter in Form B.H.1 a series of depths and breadths to the moulded lines in the plane of each main transverse bulkhead. In ordinary cases it will be sufficient to measure the breadth at points obtained by dividing the depth into six equal parts. If, however, the breadths could be more conveniently taken at each tenth of the ship's length or in any other positions, definite proposals to that effect are to be submitted for consideration. When the construction of the ship is sufficiently advanced the corresponding breadths are to be measured at the ship and entered in Form B.H.1. (c) Appropriation of Spaces: The appropriation of an spaces upon which the calculations of average permeabilities and criterion numeral are based is to be entered in Form B.H.1 and B.H.1A, and when the ship is completed the surveyor is to examine each space and satisfy himself that it will be used for the purpose shown on the approved plans. If it appears that a space will be used for a purpose such as would involve a higher average permeability of the portion of the ship in which the space is situated or an increase in the criterion numeral, the surveyor is to call the builder's attention to the matter and report full particulars to the Principal Surveyor of Ships. (d) Inspection of Subdivision Loadline Markings: Before issuing his declaration the surveyor is to inspect the subdivision loadline marks placed on the ship's sides, and satisfy himself that they are in accordance with paragraph 16 of these Instructions. The surveyor is held responsible for the duty of ensuring that the positions of the marks to which the ship may load when carrying passengers correspond with the approved subdivision draughts. (6) Entries in Form B.H.1: All particulars for which provision is made in Form B.H.1 are to be entered therein and on completion of the ship this form, with the diagram B.H.1A attached, is to be forwarded to the Principal Surveyor of Ships for examination and record. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 2 Strength of ships VerDate:30/06/1997 Strength and inspection of hulls of new ships The structural plans and particulars specified in paragraph 74(1)(a) and (b) and any others which may be necessary for the purpose are to be submitted so that the Surveyor of Ships may determine whether the strength of all parts of the structure of the ship will be sufficient. If after approval of these submissions any structural modifications are made which may affect the strength of the ship or any of its parts, they are to be reported in detail for the Principal Surveyor of Ships' approval and instructions, and before issuing his declaration the surveyor is to satisfy himself that in an respects the ship has been constructed in accordance with the structural plans as finally approved by the Surveyor of Ships. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 3 Ships to be surveyed before being painted or cemented VerDate:30/06/1997 The surveyor is not to undertake the first survey of a ship for a safety certificate or a passenger certificate after the hull is complete, painted and cemented until he has reported full particulars of the case to the Principal Surveyor of Ships and received instructions as to the action to be taken. Surveys made while a ship is being built are for the purpose of enabling the surveyor to form an opinion of the material, construction and workmanship, and when a surveyor declines to grant a declaration in consequence of not having inspected the hull before it was painted and cemented, the owners or builders of the ship are to be referred to the Principal Surveyor of Ships who will decide what steps are to be taken. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 4 Dry docking VerDate:30/06/1997 During the survey for a safety certificate or a passenger certificate for the first time the bottom of a new ship need not be examined in dry dock after launching, if it has been examined by the surveyor before the ship is launched, unless he has special reasons for considering it necessary. In each case the procedure followed is to be recorded. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 5 Degree of subdivision VerDate:30/06/1997 Watertight subdivision Every passenger ship shall be as efficiently subdivided as is possible having regard to its intended service. The instructions laid down in paragraphs 6 to 14 give effect to this principle by providing for the degree of subdivision to vary with the length of the ship and with the service in such manner that the highest degree of subdivision is required in ships of the greatest length primarily engaged in the carriage of passengers. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 6 Definition of subdivision terms VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) The Subdivision Load-line (分艙載重線) is the water-line drawn parallel to the keel, used in determining the subdivision of the ship. (See also paragraph 16). (2) The Length of the Ship (L) (船舶長度(L)), in ships of the usual form at the ends, is to be measured between perpendiculars taken at the extremities of the deepest subdivision load-line.* (See note (i), Appendix I). (3) The Breadth of the Ship (B) (船舶寬度(B)), is the extreme width from outside of frame to outside of frame at or below the subdivision load-line. (4) The Bulkhead Deck (艙壁甲板) is the uppermost continuous deck to which all transverse watertight bulkheads are carried. (See also paragraph 7). (5) The Margin Line (限界線) is a line drawn parallel to the bulkhead deck at side line, and three inches below the upper surface of that deck at side.+ (See also paragraph 7 and Notes, Appendix I). (6) The Draught (d) (吃水(d)) is the vertical distance from the top of keel amidships to the subdivision load-line. (7) The Freeboard (f) (乾舷(f)) is the vertical distance from the subdivision load-line to the margin line amidships. (See also Notes, Appendix I). (8) The Sheer (舷弧) of the bulkhead deck at any point is the vertical distance between the beam at side line at that point and a line drawn parallel to the subdivision load-line at the height of the beam at side line amidships. (See also Notes and Diagrams 1 to 6, Appendix I). (9) The Block Co-efficient of Fineness of Displacement to Subdivision Load-Line (至分艙載重線的排水量方形系數) referred to in Appendix I shall be determined as follows-Volume of displacement to moulded lines divided by (L. B. d.). (10) The Permeability (m) (滲透率(m)) of a space is the percentage of that space which can be occupied by water. The volume of a compartment which extends above the margin line shall be measured only to the height of that line. (See paragraphs 9 and 11). (11) The Machinery Space (機艙) is to be taken as extending in length between the extreme main transverse watertight bulkheads bounding the spaces devoted to the main and auxiliary propelling machinery, including boilers when installed, and it shall contain all permanent coal bunkers. (See also paragraph 11). (12) Passenger Spaces (客艙) are those which are provided for the accommodation and use of passengers, excluding baggage, store, provision and mail rooms. For the purposes of paragraphs 9 and 11, spaces provided below the margin line for the accommodation and use of the crew shall be regarded as passenger spaces. (13) A Watertight Deck (水密甲板) is a deck so constructed as to prevent water under pressure from passing through in either an upward or a downward direction. (14) A Weathertight Deck (風雨密甲板) is one through which, in ordinary sea conditions, water will not penetrate in a downward direction. The bulkhead deck is in all cases to be weathertight in this sense unless there is a deck above it which is weathertight. (15) Units of Measurement. Except where otherwise specified all linear dimensions are to be in feet and volumes in cubic feet, the latter being calculated to moulded lines. (16) For floodable length (可浸長度), permissible length (許可長度), factor of subdivision (分艙因數) and criterion of service (業務衡準) see paragraphs 7, 10, and 11 respectively. ___________________________________________________________________ Note: * No adjustment to this length will, as a general rule, be necessary unless the sectional area at the after perpendicular exceeds one-tenth of the midship sectional area, in which case full particulars should be submitted in order that an equitable length may be determined. + Where there is a variation in the thickness of the bulkhead deck at side, the top of the deck should be taken at the least thickness of the deck at side above the beam. If desired, however, the top of the deck may be taken at the mean thickness of the deck at side above the beam as calculated for the whole length of the deck; in this calculation no greater thickness is to be used than the least thickness plus two inches. The Subdivision Load-line (分艙載重線) The Length of the Ship (L) (船舶長度(L)) The Breadth of the Ship (B) (船舶寬度(B)) The Bulkhead Deck (艙壁甲板) The Margin Line (限界線) The Draught (d) (吃水(d)) The Freeboard (f) (乾舷(f)) The Sheer (舷弧) The Block Co-efficient of Fineness of Displacement to Subdivision Load-Line (至分艙載重線的排水量方形系數) The Permeability (m) (滲透率(m)) The Machinery Space (機艙) Passenger Spaces (客艙) A Watertight Deck (水密甲板) A Weathertight Deck (風雨密甲板) For floodable length (可浸長度), permissible length (許可長度), factor of subdivision (分艙因數) and criterion of service (業務衡準) MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 7 Floodable length VerDate:30/06/1997 Flooding calculations (1) In order to determine the subdivision of a ship it will be necessary to develop flooding curves which will indicate the floodable length at any point in the length of the ship. (2) For a ship which has a continuous bulkhead deck this floodable length is the maximum portion of the length of the ship having its centre at the point in question, which can be flooded under the definite assumptions as to permeability laid down in paragraph 9, without submerging the margin line. (3) If the ship has not a continuous bulkhead deck, the floodable length is to be calculated with reference to an assumed continuous margin line up to which, having regard to sinkage and trim after flooding, the sides of the ship and the bulkheads are watertight, special consideration being given to the requirements of these Instructions in which reference is made to the margin line. Examples of the procedure to be followed in certain cases are given in Diagrams 2 to 6, Appendix I. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 8 Method of calculating floodable length VerDate:30/06/1997 Flooding curves are to be developed by a method of calculation which takes due account of the form, draught, and other characteristics of the ship in question. For the present the method described in Appendix I is to be used generally and to the exclusion of independent calculations, provided, however, that where it is shown to the satisfaction of the Principal Surveyor of Ships that a ship is of such unusual form that this method is not completely accurate, an approved alternative method may be used. (See paragraph 75). MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 9 Permeability VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) The definite assumptions referred to in paragraph 7 relate to the permeabilities of the spaces below the margin line. In determining the floodable length, a uniform average permeability shall be used throughout the whole length of each of the following portions of the ship below the margin line- (a) the machinery space as defined in paragraph 6(11); (b) the portion forward of the machinery space; and (c) the portion abaft the machinery space. (2) (a) For steamships the uniform average permeability throughout the machinery space shall be determined from the formula- a-c 80 + 12.5 ____ where ﹛ v ﹜ a = volume of the passenger spaces, as defined in paragraph 6(12) which are situated below the margin line within the limits of the machinery space. c = volume of between deck spaces below the margin line within the limits of the machinery space which are appropriated to cargo, coal or stores. v = whole volume of the machinery space below the margin line. (b) For ships propelled by internal combustion engines, the uniform average permeability shall be taken as 5 greater than that given by the above formula. (c) Where it is shown to the satisfaction of the Principal Surveyor of Ships that the average permeability of the machinery space, as determined by detailed calculation, is less than that given by the formula, the calculated value may be substituted. For the purposes of such calculation, the permeabilities of passenger spaces, as defined in paragraph 6(12), shall be taken as 95, that of all cargo, coal and store spaces as 60, and that of double bottom, oil fuel and other tanks at such values as may be approved in each case by the Principal Surveyor of Ships. (3) The uniform average permeability throughout the portion of the ship before (or abaft) the machinery space shall be determined from the formula- a 63 + 35 ____ where v a = volume of the passenger spaces, as defined in paragraph 6(12) which are situated below the margin line, before (or abaft) the machinery space, and v = whole volume of the portion of the ship below the margin line before (or abaft) the machinery space. (4) If a between deck compartment between two watertight transverse bulkheads contains any passenger or crew space, the whole of that compartment, less any space completely enclosed within permanent steel bulkheads and appropriated to other purposes, shall be regarded as passenger space. If, however, the passenger or crew space in question is completely enclosed within permanent steel bulkheads, only the space so enclosed need be considered as passenger space. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 10 Permissible length of compartments VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) Permissible Length: The maximum permissible length of a compartment having its centre at any point in the ship's length is obtained from the floodable length by multiplying the latter by an appropriate factor called the factor of subdivision. (2) Factor of Subdivision: The factor of subdivision shall depend on the length of the ship, and for a given length shall vary according to the nature of the service for which the ship is intended. It shall decrease in a regular and continuous manner- (a) as the length of the ship increases; and (b) from a factor A, applicable to ships primarily engaged in the carriage of cargo, to a factor B, applicable to ships primarily engaged in the carriage of passengers. The variations of the factors A and B respectively shall be expressed by the following formulae- 190 A = ______________ + 18 (L = 430 and upwards) .................................................. (i) L - 198 100 B = ______________ + 18 (L = 260 and upwards) .................................................. (ii) L - 138 where L is the length of the ship, as defined in paragraph 6(2). ___________________________________________________________________ Note: In consequence of this paragraph the diagram Plate I in Volume II of the "Instructions as to the Survey of Passenger Steamships" (published by the Ministry of Shipping, London) is cancelled. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 11 Criterion of service VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) For a ship of given length the appropriate factor of subdivision shall be determined by the Criterion of Service Numeral (hereinafter called the Criterion Numeral) as given by the following formulae where- Cs = the Criterion Numeral; L = length of the ship, as defined in paragraph 6(2); M = the volume of the machinery space, as defined in paragraph 6(11); with the addition thereto of the volume of any permanent oil fuel bunkers which may be situated above the inner bottom and before (or abaft) the machinery space; P = the whole volume of the passenger spaces below the margin line, as defined in paragraph 6(12); V = the whole volume of the ship below the margin line; N = number of passengers for which the ship is to be certified; and P1 = .6LN where .6L represents the specific volume per passenger in cubic feet for criterion purposes. (Where, however, it is shown to the satisfaction of the Principal Surveyor of Ships that the value of .6LN is greater than the sum of P and the whole volume of the actual passenger spaces above the margin line, the lower figure may be taken provided that the value of P1 used is not less than .4LN). When P1 is greater than P M + 2P1 Cs = 72 __________________ ........................................................................... ........... (iii) V + P1 - P and in other cases M + 2P Cs = 72 __________________ ........................................................................... ........... (iv) V (2) Limiting Values of Criterion Numeral- (a) Values of Cs less than 23 shall be taken as 23 and (b) Values of Cs greater than 123 shall be taken as 123. (c) For the purposes of paragraph 12(2) and 12(3) 4691 - 10L S = ___________________ 17 (3) For ships not having a continuous bulkhead deck, the volumes are to be taken up to the actual margin lines used in determining the floodable lengths. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 12 Rules for subdivision VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) The subdivision abaft the fore peak of ships 430 feet in length and upwards shall be governed by the factor F given by the formula- (A - B) (Cs - 23) F = A - _______________________________ ......................................................................... (v) 100 Where A and B respectively are the factors (i) and (ii) defined in paragraph 10. Where the factor F is less than .40 and it is shown to the satisfaction of the Principal Surveyor of Ships to be impracticable to comply with the factor F in a machinery compartment of the ship, the length of such compartment may be governed by an increased factor, which, however, shall not exceed .40. (2) The subdivision abaft the fore peak of ships less than 430 feet but not less than 260 feet in length having a criterion-numeral not less than S, shall be governed by the factor F given by the formula- (1 - B) (Cs - S) F = 1 _______________________________ 123 - S where B is the factor (ii) defined in paragraph 10. (3) The subdivision abaft the fore peak of ships less than 430 feet but not less than 260 feet in length and having a criterion numeral less than S; and of all ships less than 260 feet in length, shall be governed by the factor unity, unless it is shown to the satisfaction of the Surveyor of Ships to be impracticable to comply with this factor in any part of the ship, in which case, the Principal Surveyor of Ships may allow such relaxation as may appear to be justified, having regard to all the circumstances. (4) The provisions of sub-paragraph (3) shall apply also to ships of whatever length, which are to be certified to carry a number of passengers exceeding 12, but not exceeding either L2 in feet ___________________ or 50, whichever is the less. 7000 MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 13 Special rules concerning subdivision VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) Permissible length of pairs of compartments: (a) A compartment may exceed the permissible length determined by the rules of paragraph 12, provided the combined length of each pair of adjacent compartments to which the compartment in question is common, does not exceed either the floodable length, or twice the permissible length, whichever is the less (see also clause (4) of this paragraph). (b) If one of the two adjacent compartments is situated inside the machinery space, and the second is situated outside the machinery space, and the average permeability of the portion of the ship in which the second is situated differs from that of the machinery space, the combined length of the two compartments shall be adjusted to the mean average permeability of the two portions of the ship in which the compartments are situated. (c) Where the lengths of two adjacent compartments are governed by different factors of subdivision, the combined length of the two compartments shall be determined proportionately. (2) Additional subdivision at Forward end: In ships 430 feet in length and upwards, one of the main transverse bulkheads abaft the fore peak shall be fitted at a distance from the forward perpendicular which is not greater than the permissible length. (3) Recesses in Bulkheads: A main transverse bulkhead may be recessed provided that all parts of the recess lie inboard of vertical surfaces on both sides of the ship, situated at a distance from the shell plating equal to .20B, and measured at right angles to the centre-line at the level of the deepest subdivision loadline. Any part of a recess which lies outside these limits shall be dealt with as a step in accordance with the following sub-paragraph. (4) Steps in Bulkheads: A main transverse bulkhead may be stepped provided that- (a) the combined length of the two compartments, separated by the bulkhead in question, does not exceed 90 per cent of the floodable length; or (b) additional subdivision is provided in way of the step to maintain the same measure of safety as that secured by a plane bulkhead. (5) Equivalent plane Bulkheads: Where a main transverse bulkhead is recessed or stepped, and equivalent plane bulkhead shall be used in determining the subdivision. (6) Minimum spacing of Bulkheads: If the distance between two adjacent main transverse bulkheads, or their equivalent plane bulkheads, or the distance between the transverse planes passing through the nearest stepped portions of the bulkheads, is less than .02L+10 feet, only one of these bulkheads shall be regarded as forming part of the subdivision of the ship in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 12. (7) Allowance for Local Subdivision: (a) Where a main transverse watertight compartment contains local subdivision and it can be shown to the satisfaction of the Surveyor of Ships that, after any assumed side damage extending over a length in feet of .02L+10, the whole volume of the main compartment will not be flooded, a proportionate allowance may be made in the permissible length otherwise required for such compartment. In such a case the volume of effective buoyancy assumed on the undamaged side shall not be greater than that assumed on the damaged side. (b) The claim for such allowance shall be accompanied by plans showing the proposed local subdivision and the volumes of the main and sub-compartments concerned. No allowance will be made where the main compartment and sub-compartments are liable to be in open communication, below the level of the margin line, through air, sounding or other pipes, etc. (8) Longitudinal Subdivision: (a) Where it is proposed to fit watertight decks, inner skins or longitudinal bulkheads, watertight or non-watertight, the Surveyor of Ships shall be satisfied that the safety of the ship will not be diminished in any respect, particularly having in view the possible listing effect of flooding in way of such structural arrangements. Except as provided in sub-paragraph (7) no relaxation from the requirements for transverse subdivision shall be made in respect of longitudinal subdivision. (b) The arrangements which fall within the general category of longitudinal subdivision are of such a varied character that it is not possible to lay down definite rules which would apply equitably to all cases that may arise in practice. (c) Calculations of angle of heel or of effect on stability may be necessary and plans showing the proposed longitudinal subdivision are therefore to be submitted for the Principal Surveyor of Ships for consideration and decision as to the calculations to be made and the spaces to be assumed flooded. The object of these calculations is to show: (i) The angle of heel which might result from flooding due to side damage extending over a length in feet not exceeding .02L+10. If this angle is more than 7 degrees, the Surveyor of Ships will as a rule require such arrangements to be made as will enable the list to be expeditiously reduced to an angle not exceeding 7 degrees. (ii) The angle of heel which might result from flooding of such compartments as may reasonably be assumed vulnerable under certain conditions of damage having regard to the arrangements under consideration. If this angle is such that the margin line would not be submerged the arrangements may be allowed, otherwise they will require modification. (iii) The effect on stability of flooding in way of a watertight deck. The result of this calculation will be considered on its merits. (d) In making these calculations the ship is to be assumed to be in the worst anticipated service condition as regards stability, the permeabilities of the spaces assumed to be flooded being taken consistent with this condition as far as possible. (e) The stability conditions assumed in these calculations are to be confirmed after the ship has been inclined (see paragraph 53). MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 14 Peak and machinery space bulkheads, shaft tunnels, etc. VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) Collision Bulkhead: Every ship shall have a fore-peak or collision bulkhead, which shall be watertight up to the bulkhead deck. This bulkhead shall be fitted not less than .05L, and not more than .05L+10 feet from the forward perpendicular. If the ship has a long forward superstructure, the fore-peak bulkhead shall be extended weathertight to the deck next above the bulkhead deck. The extension need not be fitted directly over the bulkhead below, provided it is at least .05L from the forward perpendicular, and the part of the bulkhead deck which forms the step is made effectively weathertight. (See paragraph 18(5)). (2) After-peak and Machinery Space Bulkheads: An after-peak bulkhead, and bulkheads dividing the machinery space, as defined in paragraph 6(11), from the cargo and passenger spaces forward and aft, shall also be fitted and made watertight up to the bulkhead deck. The after-peak bulkhead may, however, be stopped below the bulkhead deck, provided the degree of safety of the ship as regards subdivision is not thereby diminished. (3) Stern Tubes and Glands: In all cases stern tubes shall be enclosed in watertight spaces. The stern gland shall be situated within a watertight shaft tunnel or other space of such volume that if flooded by leakage through the stern gland the margin line will not be submerged. The height and width of the watertight tunnel or compartment shall be sufficient at every part to allow proper attention being given to shaft couplings, bearings, etc., within the space. When the tunnels or their equivalent form part of the scheme of subdivision of a ship they shall be constructed as required by paragraphs 17 to 25. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 15 Double bottoms VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) Longitudinal Extent: (a) In ships 200 feet and under 249 feet in length a double bottom shall be fitted at least from the machinery space to the fore peak bulkhead, or as near thereto as practicable. (b) In ships 249 feet and under 330 feet in length a double bottom shall be fitted at least outside the machinery space, and shall extend to the fore and after peak bulkheads, or as near thereto as practicable. (c) In ships 330 feet in length and upwards a double bottom shall be fitted amidships, and shall extend to the fore and after peak bulkheads, or as near thereto as practicable. (2) Transverse Extent: (a) Where a double bottom is required to be fitted the inner bottom shall be continued out to the ship's sides in such a manner as to protect the bottom to the turn of bilge. (b) Such protection will be deemed satisfactory if the line of intersection of the outer edge of the margin plate with the bilge plating is not lower at any part than a horizontal plane passing through the point of intersection with the frame fine amidships of a transverse diagonal line inclined at 25 degrees to the base fine and cutting it at a point one-half the ship's moulded breadth from the middle line. (3) Wells in Inner Bottom: Wells constructed in the double bottom in connection with the drainage arrangements shall not extend downwards more than necessary, nor shall they be less than 18 inches from the outer bottom or from the inner edge of the margin plate. A well extending to the outer bottom is, however, permitted at the after end of the shaft tunnel of screw ships. (4) Means of Access-Protection of Air and Sounding Pipes: The inner bottom must only be pierced for such manholes as are necessary for access and must be fitted with efficient covers having such arrangements as will secure effective watertight joints. All air and sounding pipes are to be effectively protected against risk of damage from cargo, coal, etc. (See paragraphs 124, 260 and 261). MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 16 Assigning, marking and recording of subdivision load-lines VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) (a) In order that the required degree of subdivision shall be maintained, a load-line, corresponding to the approved sub-division draught is to be assigned and marked on the ship's sides. (b) Ships having spaces which are adapted for the accommodation of passengers and the carriage of cargo alternatively may have, if the owners desire, one or more additional load-line marks corresponding to the subdivision draughts approved for the alternative conditions. (c) The positions of the subdivision load-lines and the conditions under which they apply shall be determined in every case by a Surveyor of Ships. (2) The subdivision load-lines assigned and marked under the foregoing provisions shall be recorded in the Safety Certificate, and shall be distinguished by the notation C.1 for the principal passenger condition, and C.2, C.3, etc., for the alternative conditions. (3) The freeboard corresponding to each of these loadlines inserted in the Safety Certificate shall be measured at the same position and from the same deck line as the freeboards determined by the Load Line Rules. (4) In no case shall any subdivision loadline mark be placed above the deepest loadline in salt water as determined by the strength of the ship and/or the Load Line Rules. (5) As regards inspection of subdivision loadlines, see paragraph 1(5)(d). MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 17 Strength and construction VerDate:30/06/1997 Construction and Scantlings of Watertight Bulkheads, Decks, Recesses, Trunks, Tunnels, Inner Skins and Oil Fuel Tanks All watertight bulkheads, decks, recesses, etc., forming part of the subdivision arrangements should be of such strength and so constructed as to be capable of supporting with a proper margin of resistance, the pressure due to a head of water up to the margin line. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 18 Watertight transverse bulkheads VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) Plating: Transverse bulkheads shall be watertight up to the bulkhead deck, and shall have plating of not less thickness than required by Table 4, Appendix II. Where a transverse bulkhead is at the end of a stokehold space, the lower part of the bulkhead plating to a height of at least 24 inches above the stokehold floor, shall be at least .1 inch thicker than given by the Table. Where a transverse bulkhead is at the end of a bunker space, the lowest strake shall be at least 36 inches high and .1 inch thicker than given by the Table. In all other cases the lowest strake shall be at least .04 inch thicker, except that any limber plates shall be .1 inch thicker. (2) Boundary Angles: These may be single and shall be at least .1 inch thicker than the bulkhead plating required by the Table. (3) Stiffeners: (a) These shall be in accordance with Table 1 or Table 2, Appendix II, in association with a spacing of 30 inches. Other forms of stiffener may be adopted if they provide not less strength and stiffness than those tabulated, and the spacing of stiffeners may be increased up to a maximum of 36 inches, provided they be correspondingly increased in strength and stiffness. The lower end of each stiffener is to be attached to the shell plating, to the inner bottom plating or to efficient horizontal plating. (b) At each deck level which forms the top of a system of stiffeners, plating is to be provided of a character which win ensure horizontal rigidity in the bulkhead. (c) In the case of hold stiffeners connected to the inner bottom plating the lower bracket or its connecting angle shall extend over the floor adjacent to the bulkhead; the upper bracket is to be connected to angles which extend over the beam space, or other effective means shall be adopted for securing the necessary structural rigidity at these parts. (d) Where stiffeners are cut in way of watertight doors in the lower part of a bulkhead, the opening is to be suitably framed and bracketed, and a tapered web plate or buttress, stiffened on its edge, is to be fitted at each side of the door from the base of the bulkhead to well above the door opening. Where stiffeners are not cut, but where the space between stiffeners has to be increased on account of watertight doors in 'tween deck bulkheads, the stiffeners at the sides of the doorway shall be increased in depth and strength. In all cases where stiffeners are cut, or are widely spaced, the efficiency shall be at least equal to that of the unpierced bulkhead, without taking the door-frames into consideration. The frames of watertight doors are to be well fitted and strongly connected to the bulkhead. (4) Riveting: (a) The rivets in seams, and connections of plating and boundary bars of bulkheads shall be spaced not more than 4 1/2 diameters centre to centre, except on the shell flange of boundary angles where they may be 5 diameters centre to centre. (b) Where the distance below the bulkhead deck is more than 35 feet, the boundary angles shall be double riveted in both flanges, and the vertical connection of plates shall also be double riveted. (c) The rivets connecting stiffeners to bulkhead plating shall be spaced not more than seven diameters centre to centre, and in the case of stiffeners having no bracket attachment, they shall be spaced four diameters for 15 per cent of their length each end. (5) Collision Bulkhead: The scantlings, both of plates and stiffeners shall not be less than are required for ordinary transverse bulkheads having stiffeners at 30 inch spacing, but the spacing of the stiffeners is not to exceed 24 inches. Where this bulkhead extends above the bulkhead deck as required by paragraph 14, the extension is to have the same scantlings as an ordinary upper 'tween deck watertight bulkhead, and is to be made weathertight. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 19 Watertight longitudinal bulkheads VerDate:30/06/1997 All provisions relating to main transverse watertight bulkheads shall, so far as is practicable, apply to watertight longitudinal bulkheads. They shall be equal in strength, stiffness and efficiency to transverse bulkheads of the same depth and shall be constructed in a similar manner. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 20 Watertight decks, steps and flats VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) Plating: The horizontal plating shall be at least 04 inch thicker than required for bulkheads at corresponding levels. (2) Beams: These shall be of the sizes given for stiffeners in Table 2, Appendix II, in association with a spacing of 30 inches, except where beams are fitted in short lengths bracketed at each end when they may be based on Table 1. The "length" (長度) to be used with the Tables is to be the greatest distance between the points of support (when the beams are bracketed at one end the length for Table 2 may be reduced by the width of the bracket) and the "height" (高度) is to be the distance from the bulkhead deck to the watertight deck or flat minus half the "length". (3) Where frames pass through a watertight deck or step, watertightness is to be maintained by means of caulked angle chocks or by cast iron or cast steel chocks efficiently secured or rust jointed. (4) The necessary supports to the beams are to be provided by bulkheads or by efficient girders pillared as required, care being taken that the rivet connections of the pillars are sufficient to withstand the load due to water pressure. The distance between the lines of support is not to exceed about 15 feet. "length" (長度) "height" (高度) MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 21 Watertight recesses VerDate:30/06/1997 These shall be so constructed as to provide strength and stiffness at all parts not less than as required for watertight bulkheads and flats. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 22 Watertight ventilators and trunks VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) Watertight ventilators and watertight trunks fitted for ventilation or other purposes shall be carried at least up to the margin line, and shall be of the same strength as watertight bulkheads at corresponding levels. (2) The means for making them watertight and the arrangements adopted for closing the openings in them shall be to the satisfaction of the surveyor. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 23 Watertight tunnels VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) The sizes of the stiffeners shall be in accordance with Table 5, Appendix II in association with a spacing of 36 inches. The foot of each stiffener is to overlap and be attached to the tunnel base angle in all cases. (2) Curved plating may be of the thickness given in Table 4 for 30 inch spacing, but flat plating is to be of the thickness required for the actual spacing of the stiffeners. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 24 Watertight inner skins VerDate:30/06/1997 These shall be of such a strength and construction as will enable them to withstand a head of water up to the bulkhead deck. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 25 Oil fuel tanks VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) Double bottoms, peak tanks, deep tanks and bunkers intended for the storage of oil fuel are to be of approved construction. (2) If the storage and settling tanks are to be constructed to the requirements of a recognized Classification Society, a copy of the detailed plans approved by the Society is to be forwarded for consideration. In all other cases fully detailed plans of the proposed construction, including riveting, etc., are to be submitted for approval before the work is taken in hand. (See paragraphs 74, 257, 258 and 286). MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 26 Hose tests VerDate:30/06/1997 Testing of watertight bulkheads, etc. (1) Testing main compartments by filling them with water is not compulsory. A complete examination of the bulkheads shall be made by a surveyor; and, in addition, a hose test shall be made in all cases. (2) After completion, a hose or flooding test shall be applied to watertight decks and a hose test to watertight trunks, ventilators and tunnels. (3) Hose testing of watertight bulkheads, decks, and tunnels is to be carried out under simultaneous inspection on both sides of the plating, while water is being played upon all riveted and caulked surfaces. (4) The pressure of the water in the hose shall not be less than 30 lbs. per square inch. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 27 Pressure tests of fore peak, double bottoms, inner skins, etc. VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) The fore peak is to be tested by filling it with water up to the level of the deepest subdivision loadline. (2) Double bottoms, duct keels and inner skins are to be subjected to a head of water up to the margin line. (3) Tanks which are intended to hold liquids and which form part of the subdivision of the ship are to be subjected to a head of water up to the deepest subdivision loadline or to a head corresponding to two-thirds of the depth from the keel to the margin line in way of the tanks, whichever is the greater. These tests are for the purpose of ensuring that the subdivision structural arrangements are watertight, and are not to be regarded as a test of the fitness of any compartment for the storage of oil fuel or for other special purposes for which a test of a superior character may be required, depending on the height to which the liquid has access in the tank or its connections. (See paragraph 259). (4) If a ship under construction is not intended to carry liquid fuel in the double bottoms, the surveyor need not necessarily witness the tests of these compartments, unless the ship is not classed. If, however, the double bottoms are to be used for liquid fuel, the surveyor is to witness the tests whether the ship is classed or not. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 28 Limitation of number of openings VerDate:30/06/1997 Openings in watertight bulkheads and the means for closing them (1) The number of openings in watertight bulkheads shall be reduced to the minimum compatible with the design and efficient working of the ship. Satisfactory means shall be provided for closing these openings. (2) Special consideration shall be given to the arrangement of air trunks or tunnels for forced draught so as to avoid, so far as possible, piercing the watertight bulkheads. (3) Within the machinery space and apart from those leading to bunkers and tunnels, there shall not be more than one opening in each main transverse bulkhead for inter-communication and these openings shall be so located as to have their sills as high as practicable. When the engine-room is subdivided by longitudinal watertight bulkheads the case should be submitted for special consideration under this sub-paragraph. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 29 Openings not permitted in certain bulkheads VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) Doorways, manholes or access openings are not permitted: (a) in the collision bulkhead below the margin line; (b) in the main transverse bulkheads dividing a cargo space from an adjoining cargo space or from a permanent or reserve bunker, except as provided for in paragraph 41(3). (2) The collision bulkhead may be pierced below the margin line by not more than one pipe for dealing with fluid in the forepeak tank, provided that the pipe is fitted with a screw-down valve capable of being operated from above the bulkhead deck, the valve chest being secured to the collision bulkhead inside the fore peak. (3) Openings closed only by portable bolted plates are not permitted in watertight bulkheads outside the machinery space. Such openings may be permitted for special purposes within the machinery spaces, subject to the condition that they will be closed and made watertight before the ship leaves port and not opened at sea except in the case of urgent necessity. The surveyor should ascertain that steps have been taken for securing compliance with this condition, on the fines indicated in paragraph 43(13) relating to side scuttles and dead lights. Whenever these plates are removed, all necessary precautions should be taken in replacing them to ensure watertightness. (4) Openings closed by sluice valves are not permitted in the watertight subdivision bulkheads. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 30 Pipes, etc., through bulkheads VerDate:30/06/1997 Where pipes, electric cables, etc., pass through the main transverse bulkheads, arrangements shall be made to ensure that the watertightness of the bulkheads is not impaired. (See paragraph 122 (f)). MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 31 Means for closing openings VerDate:30/06/1997 The arrangement and efficiency of the means for closing each opening in watertight bulkheads shall be consistent with its intended purpose and with the position in which it is fitted, and shall be generally to the satisfaction of the Surveyor of Ships. Watertight doors fitted in bulkheads between permanent and reserve bunkers shall always be accessible except as provided in paragraph 41(5)(c). Watertight doors shall comply with the following requirements. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 32 Types of doors VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) The only types of watertight doors permissible are hinged doors and sliding doors. (2) A sliding door may have a horizontal or vertical motion. If required to be hand operated only, the gearing shall be capable of being worked at the door itself and also at an accessible position above the bulkhead deck. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 33 Classes of watertight doors VerDate:30/06/1997 The permissible classes of doors are: Class 1.-Hinged doors fitted with catches workable from each side of the bulkhead. Class 2.-Sliding doors operated by hand gear only. Class 3.-Sliding doors with brass rubbing faces operated by hand gear only. Class 4.-Sliding doors with brass faces operated by a releasing arrangement above the bulkhead deck as described in paragraph 35, and by hand gear. Class 5.-Sliding doors with brass rubbing faces operated by power from a central control, as described in paragraph 36, and by hand gear. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 34 Hand gear for watertight doors VerDate:30/06/1997 The mechanism required for closing sliding watertight doors by hand from above the bulkhead deck shall be expeditious in its action and sufficiently powerful to be capable of closing the door under unfavourable circumstances. The operating gear shall be accessible in all cases. It should, if possible, consist of a crank handle or a wheel and handle, and be permanently attached to the shafting so as to be always ready for use. If this cannot be done, the handle or wheel must be stowed immediately alongside the working position. There shall be an index at the operating position showing whether the door is open or closed. The lead of shafting to the door should be as direct and free from complications as possible. All screws, rods and other apparatus for raising and lowering watertight doors must be provided with proper lubrication, and guarded where necessary. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 35 Doors which close by their own weight VerDate:30/06/1997 If a door is required to be closed by dropping or by the action of a dropping weight, it shall be fitted with a suitable arrangement to regulate the closing movement and the gearing shall be so arranged that the door can be released both at the door itself and at an accessible position above the bulkhead deck. Hand gear shall also be provided, so arranged as to operate at the door itself and above the bulkhead deck, and also so that, after being disengaged for dropping, it can be quickly re-engaged from either the upper or the lower position. If the surveyor is of opinion that there is danger of persons being injured while passing through a doorway in a bulkhead owing to the door being of a quick-closing type, or for any other reason, a report of all the circumstances should be forwarded to the Principal Surveyor of Ships before a declaration is issued. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 36 Doors which close by power VerDate:30/06/1997 If a door is required to be power operated from a central control, the gearing shall be so arranged that the door can be operated by power also at the door itself. The arrangement shall be such that the door will close automatically if opened by the local control after being closed from the central control, and also such that any door can be kept closed by local arrangements which will prevent that door from being opened from the central control. Such power operated doors shall be provided with hand gear, workable both at the door itself and from an accessible position above the bulkhead deck. The arrangements shall comply with the following conditions- The power shall always be available at sea and ample for working the doors. The source of power shall be in duplicate, each power unit being sufficient to work the whole of the doors. An indicator shall be fitted at the central control station showing when power is available, and it shall be possible to close all the power worked doors practically simultaneously. The fluid used in a hydraulic system shall be a non-freezing mixture when low temperatures are likely to be encountered. The hand operating gear required to be fitted in connection with power-worked doors should be permanently attached to the doors unless satisfactory means are provided for speedily and reliably engaging it from above the bulkhead deck. In any case it should be seen that when the power is shut off there is no danger of vertical doors dropping, and the arrangements shall be such that, in the event of the power failing, the working of the hand gear on doors worked by hydraulic power will not be prevented or hindered by water-lock in the power or closing gear pipe. If bilge floats are fitted the arrangements must not interfere with any other part of the closing system. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 37 Indictors VerDate:30/06/1997 In all classes of sliding doors, indicators shall be fitted at all operating stations other than the door itself, showing whether the door is opened or closed. The arrangements at the door shall be such as to minimize the possibility of tampering to cause the indicator to show a door closed, when open. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 38 Sound signals and warnings VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) Power doors in passenger, crew and working spaces, which are capable of being closed from a position from which the doors are not visible, shall be fitted with sound signals for giving sufficient warning in all cases when they are about to be closed. One movement at the closing station shall be sufficient both to sound the signals and to close the doors and the signals shall work effectively even when the vessel has a fist. (2) When the doors are not capable of being closed from a central control station, means of communication by telegraph, telephone or otherwise (such as by suitably distributed gongs sounding loudly an agreed signal), are to be provided whereby the responsible officer may rapidly communicate with the members of the staff responsible for closing doors. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 39 Construction VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) Watertight doors shall be constructed to approved designs. Doors giving direct access to any spaces containing bunker coal shall, together with the frames, be made of cast or wrought steel. In other positions, doors and frames may be made of cast iron. Brass rubbing faces of sliding doors may be formed either on the door or frame. They should be protected against damage while a door is being closed. If brass strips are used they shall be firmly secured and, if one inch or less in width, they shall be fitted in recesses. (2) Where screw gear is used for operating the door, the screw shall work in a gun metal nut. (3) Vertical doors should have no groove at the bottom in which dirt may lodge so as to prevent the door closing properly. The bottom bearing of the door may, however, be of skeleton form so arranged that dirt cannot easily lodge. The bottom edge of vertical doors shall be tapered or bevelled to cut through coal or other obstacles. (4) Unless sliding doors are very substantially constructed intermediate points of support may be necessary along the leading and trailing edges, when the doors are in the closed position, especially if they have to resist considerable pressure. (5) The frames shall be carefully fitted to the bulkheads and the joints should be of a kind that will not be liable to deteriorate with age or be readily injured by heat. Thin hard wood may be used in ordinary cases, but for bunkers or where oil may take fire the jointing must be indestructible by fire. (6) Satisfactory arrangements shall be made by means of screens or otherwise to prevent coal from interfering with the closing of watertight bunker doors. (7) It should be ensured that horizontal sliding doors will not move when the ship is rolling and where necessary a clip or other device shall be provided to prevent the door closing when the ship is severely inclined. (8) For the efficient working of the doors it is essential that the working parts should be properly lubricated and the gear guarded where necessary. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 40 Test of watertight doors VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) Watertight doors shall be tested by water pressure to a head up to the margin line. The test shall be made before the ship is put in service either before or after the door is fitted. Where there are several doors of the same type to be fitted in a ship, one of the type may be selected for test at the maker's works and, provided the result of the test is satisfactory, the remaining doors of the type may be accepted without such tests. In closing the doors for the test to be applied, the power exerted should not exceed that available for operating the doors on board the ship for which they are intended. The frame-work in the workshop to which the door frame is secured for the purpose of testing, should not be such as to give greater reinforcement to the frame than the stiffening on the bulkhead to which it is to be attached. The head of water should be taken from the bottom of the door to the margin line in way of the bulkhead on which the door is fitted, but in no case should the test pressure be less than 20 feet head for sliding doors and 10 feet head for hinged doors. The purpose of the test is to show that the door is of sufficient strength and reasonably tight under the test pressure. The amount of leakage is to be recorded. (2) After being fitted in place on the bulkhead, the door including the watertightness of the attachment of the door frame to the bulkheads, is to be tested by a hose in the manner required for the bulkhead (see paragraph 26). (3) All the doors should be operated by hand, and by power if provided, in the presence of the Surveyor and the times taken to close should be reported. In the case of bunker doors the closing tests should be made when coal is in the bunkers. (4) The Surveyor should see that the indicators and warning signals are efficient. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 41 Classes of doors required VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) Where it is stated in this section that a door should be of a specified class, a door of a class bearing a lower number in the table in paragraph 33 may not be fitted, but a door of a class bearing a higher number may be fitted. (2) Hinged watertight doors in passenger, crew, and working spaces are only permitted above a deck, the under side of which at its lowest point at side is at least 7 feet above the deepest subdivision loadline, and they are not permitted in such spaces below such a deck. (3) Hinged watertight doors of satisfactory construction may be fitted in bulkheads dividing cargo between deck spaces, in levels in which side cargo doors would be permitted under the provision of paragraph 47. These doors shall be closed before the voyage commences and shall be kept closed during the voyage. The Surveyor should ascertain that steps have been taken for securing compliance with this condition, on the lines indicated in paragraph 43(13) relating to side scuttles and dead lights. The time of opening such doors in port and of closing them before the ship leaves port shall be entered in the official log book. Where it is proposed to fit such doors, the number and arrangements shall be submitted for consideration, and a statement shall be required from the owners certifying as to the absolute necessity of such doors. (4) All other doors shall be sliding doors and when situated with their sills above the deepest subdivision loadline may, subject to power doors being required in special cases (sub-paragraph 5(d)) be hand operated sliding doors (Class 3). (5) When any doors which may be sometimes opened at sea, excluding those at the entrances of tunnels, are fitted in the main transverse watertight bulkheads at such a height that their sills are below the deepest subdivision loadline, the following rules shall apply, subject to power operated doors (Class 5) being required in special cases (sub-paragraphs (c) and (d))- (a) When the number of such doors exceeds five they shall be power operated (Class 5) and shall be capable of being simultaneously closed from a station situated on the bridge, the closing of these doors being preceded by a warning sound signal. (b) When the number of such doors does not exceed five- (i) if the criterion numeral does not exceed 30, they may be Class 3 doors operated by hand only; (ii) if the criterion numeral exceeds 30, but does not exceed 60, they may be either Class 4 dropping doors fitted with releasing gear and hand gear operated at the door and from above the bulkhead deck, or doors operated by power; (iii) if the criterion numeral exceeds 60, they shall be power operated (Class 5) and shall be capable of being simultaneously closed from a station situated on the bridge, the closing being preceded by a warning signal. (c) If watertight doors which have sometimes to be open at sea for the purpose of trimming coal are fitted between bunkers in the between decks below the bulkhead deck, these doors shall be power operated (Class 5). The opening and closing of these doors is required to be recorded in the official log book. (d) When trunkways in connection with refrigerated cargo are carried through more than one main transverse watertight bulkhead, and the sills of the openings are less than 7 feet above the deepest subdivision loadline, the watertight doors at such openings shall be power operated (Class 5). (Note:-The foregoing instructions refer to doors in transverse bulkheads. If there are doors in longitudinal bulkheads the case should be submitted to the Principal Surveyor of Ships for instructions as to the classes of doors required in both the longitudinal and transverse bulkheads.) (e) Where trunkways or tunnels for access from crew's accommodation to the stokehold, for piping or for any other purpose, give access to the machinery spaces, each such trunkway or tunnel shall be fitted with a watertight door of the type required by its location in the ship. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 42 Limitation of number of openings and means for closing VerDate:30/06/1997 Openings in Ship's Sides below the Margin Line and means for closing them (1) The number of openings in the ship's sides below the margin line shall be reduced to the minimum compatible with the design and proper working of the ship. (2) The arrangement and efficiency of the means for closing each such opening shall be consistent with its intended purpose and the position in which it is fitted and shall be to the satisfaction of the Surveyor of Ships. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 43 Side scuttles VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) The number of side scuttles which are capable of being opened shall be reduced to a minimum consistent with the requirements of the ship's service. (2) If, in a between decks, the sills of any side scuttles are below a line drawn parallel to the bulkhead deck at side and having its lowest point .025 B feet above the deepest subdivision loadline, all side scuttles in that between decks shall be of a non-opening type. (3) If, in a between decks, all the sills of the side scuttles are above the line defined in sub-paragraph (2) but not all above a line drawn parallel to and 12 feet above it, all the side scuttles in that between deck shall be either of a non-opening type or of such construction as will effectively prevent any person opening them without the consent of the master of the ship. (4) Other side scuttles may be of any ordinary opening type. (5) If, in a between decks, the sills of any of the side scuttles of the opening type referred to in sub-paragraph (3) are below a line drawn parallel to the bulkhead deck at side and having its lowest point .025B + 4.5 feet above the water-line at which the ship is floating on her departure from any port (or .025B + 3.5 feet above the water-line when the ship is in the tropical zone or in a seasonal tropical area during the appropriate tropical period under the Load Line Rules), all side scuttles in that between decks shall be closed watertight and locked before the ship leaves port and they shall not be opened during navigation. The Surveyor of Ships will indicate, on the application of the builders or owners the limiting mean draught at which these side scuttles will have their sills above the line defined in this paragraph and at which it will be permissible to open them at sea on the responsibility of the master. The time of opening such side scuttles in port and of closing and locking them before the ship leaves port is required to be entered in the official log book. (6) Efficient and permanently attached hinged inside dead lights arranged so that they can be easily and effectively closed and secured watertight shall be fitted to all side scuttles- (a) which are required to be of a non-opening type; (b) which are to be fitted within one-eighth of the ship's length of the forward perpendicular; (c) which are to be fitted in positions defined in sub- paragraph (3); (d) which will not be accessible during navigation; (e) which are to be fitted in spaces intended for the accommodation of sailors and firemen; (f) which are to be fitted in spaces intended for the accommodation of steerage passengers. (7) Side scuttles fitted below the bulkhead deck, other than those referred to in the sub-paragraph (6), shall be fitted with efficient inside deadlights which may, however, be portable provided each such deadlight is stowed adjacent to the side scuttle to which it belongs. (8) Side scuttles and their deadlights which will not be accessible during navigation, shall be closed and secured before the ship proceeds to sea. (9) No side scuttles shall be fitted in any spaces which are appropriated exclusively to the carriage of cargo or coal. (10) Automatic ventilating side scuttles shall not be fitted in the ship's sides below the margin line without the special sanction of the Principal Surveyor of Ships. (11) The above instructions are intended to apply to circular side scuttles of the usual dimensions. Special patterns of side scuttles have received the approval of the Principal Surveyor of Ships under certain conditions, and in submitting the plans showing the builder's proposals the Surveyor should state whether the side scuttles to be fitted are of approved design or otherwise. If they are not of approved design, or if they are of unusual size or construction, full particulars, including detail plans of the side scuttles, and the position for which they are intended, should be submitted for the consideration of the Principal Surveyor of Ships. (12) Any special rules for side scuttles which may be laid down in connection with the Load Line Rules are also to be complied with in passenger ships. (13) When any side scuttles and deadlights are required to be kept closed during navigation, as provided for under the preceding clauses, the Surveyor should ascertain that the responsible ship's officers have been properly instructed to that effect, and that an appropriate notice is posted up in the chart room. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 44 Scuppers, sanitary and other similar discharges VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) The number of scuppers, sanitary discharges and other similar openings shall be reduced to the minimum either by making each discharge serve for as many as possible of the sanitary and other pipes, or in any other satisfactory manner. (2) (a) Discharges led through the ship's sides from spaces below the margin line shall be fitted with efficient and accessible means for preventing water from passing inboard. It is permissible to have for each separate discharge either one automatic non-return valve fitted with a positive means of closing it from above the bulkhead deck, or, alternatively, two automatic non-return valves without such means, the upper of which valves is so situated above the deepest subdivision load line as to be always accessible for examination under service conditions. (b) Where a positive action valve is fitted, the operating position above the bulkhead deck shall always be readily accessible and means shall be provided for indicating whether the valve is free or closed down. (c) Where the two-valve system is adopted the higher valve should be of the horizontal balanced type normally closed. (d) The geared valve, or the lower of the two non-geared valves is to be fitted in a strong valve box secured to the shell plating. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 45 Discharge pipes, valves, etc. VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) Discharge pipes, no matter of what material they may be made, are not to be fitted in a direct line between the outboard openings and the connections with the decks, water closets or similar fittings, but are to be arranged with bends or elbows of substantial metal, other than cast iron or lead. (2) Pipes made of lead should have a sufficient bend to provide for expansion of the pipe or any movement due to the working of the ship. (3) The pipes and valves should be protected from the cargo by substantial casings which need not be watertight. (4) All bolts connecting cocks, valves, pipes, etc., to the shell plating of the ship must have their heads outside and the heads should be either countersunk or cup-headed. (5) When water closets of the under-waterline type are to be fitted, plans should be specially submitted for approval. (6) Special arrangements for the drainage of a watertight deck will usually be necessary, and the drainage pipes shall be so fitted with valves, or disposed in such a manner, as to avoid risk of water passing from a damaged to an undamaged compartment. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 46 Ash-shoots, rubbish-shoots, etc. VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) (a) The inboard opening of each ash-shoot, rubbish-shoot, etc., shall be fitted with an efficient cover. (b) If the inboard opening is situated below the margin line the cover shall be watertight and in addition an automatic non-return valve shall be fitted in the shoot in an easily accessible position above the deepest subdivision loadline. This valve should be of the horizontal balanced type, normally closed, and is to be provided with a local means for securing it in the closed position. (c) When the shoot is not in use both the cover and the valve are to be kept closed and secured. A permanent and conspicuous notice to this effect is to be fixed near the hopper. (2) The foregoing requirements do not apply to those ash ejectors and expellers, the inboard openings of which must necessarily be below the deepest subdivision loadline in the stokehold, provided that such ejectors and expellers are fitted with efficient valves and other fittings for preventing water entering the ship through them. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 47 Gangway, cargo and coaling ports VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) When any such ports are to be fitted below the margin line they shall be of sufficient strength. They shall be effectively closed and secured watertight before the ship leaves port and be kept closed during navigation. (2) The Surveyor is to report any case in which it is proposed to fit gangway, cargo or coaling ports in a ship's side, partly or entirely below the deepest subdivision loadline, and should state whether the working of the vessel would be hampered if the fitting of such ports were not allowed. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 48 Main and auxiliary inlets and discharges VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) These shall be so arranged as to prevent accidental admission of water into the ship. (2) Cocks or valves are to be fitted between the pipes and the shell plating. They must be attached to the latter and so arranged that they can be easily and expeditiously opened or closed at any time. The cocks, valves and the whole lengths of the pipes connected to them shall be accessible at all times. (3) To prevent the accidental admission of water into the ship owing to the fracture of main or auxiliary inlet or discharge valve chests which if fastened directly to the skin of the ship would require to have long necks, such chests are to be made with the necks as short as practicable and are to be attached to wrought steel boxes built on to the skin of the ship. Chests having other than short necks are to be made of cast steel. (4) Shipside cocks and valves related to main and auxiliary machinery or boilers shall not be of ordinary cast iron. Consideration will be given to the case of special grades of cast iron provided that full particulars are submitted for the approval of the Principal Surveyor of Ships. Steel valves must be suitably protected against corrosion. (G.N.A. 169 of 1950) MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 49 Openings in ship's sides VerDate:30/06/1997 Side and other openings above the Margin Line (1) Means for closing: Side-scuttles, gangway and cargo doors, coaling ports and other means for closing openings in the ship's sides above the margin line shall be of efficient design and construction and of sufficient strength having regard to the spaces in which they are fitted and their positions relative to the deepest subdivision loadline. (2) Deadlights: In superstructures situated immediately above the bulkhead deck, efficient hinged deadlights, arranged so that they can be effectively closed and secured watertight, shall be fitted to scuttles which are- (a) within one-eighth of the ship's length abaft the stem in forecastles which are closed at the after end; or (b) in spaces which are intended, or capable of being readily adapted, for the stowage of cargo, fuel, or stores, if these spaces are closed at both ends, or are so arranged that they can be readily so closed when required. (3) Portable Plugs: Subject to paragraph 43(12) side-scuttles other than those referred to in sub-paragraph (2)(b) shall either be provided with deadlights, which may be portable, or be designed to receive outer plugs; such portable deadlights or plugs are to be provided to the extent of 25 per cent of the total number of side scuttles not having efficient hinged deadlights and they shall be stowed in suitable positions. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 50 Weatherdeck openings, etc. VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) All openings in the exposed weatherdeck shall have coamings of ample height and strength and shall be provided with efficient means for expeditiously closing them weathertight. (2) Freeing ports and/or scuppers shall be fitted as necessary for clearing the weatherdeck of water in heavy weather. (3) For the special weathertight arrangements required at the forward end in certain cases, see paragraphs 14(1) and 18(5). MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 51 Exits from watertight compartments VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) In passenger and crew spaces, practicable means of exit to the open deck shall be provided for the occupants from each watertight compartment. (2) Practicable means of escape for the crew shall be provided from each engine room, shaft tunnel, stokehold compartment, and other working spaces, independent of watertight doors. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 52 Fire-resisting bulkheads and doors VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) Ships shall be fitted above the bulkhead deck with fire-resisting bulkheads of such construction, and so fitted, as to serve the purpose of retarding the spread of fire. The mean distance between any two consecutive bulkheads of this description shall not in general exceed 131 feet. Recesses and steps and the means for closing all openings in these bulkheads shall be fire-resisting and flametight. (2) (a) Steel bulkheads of scantlings and stiffening equal to those specified for watertight bulkheads in the 'tween decks immediately below the bulkhead deck may be accepted, provided they are not lined with inflammable material. Any other fire-resisting material may be used for these bulkheads, provided it is shown by suitable experiments that bulkheads so constructed are capable of withstanding a fire of considerable fierceness and high temperature for a reasonable period, say, 1500 degrees Fahrenheit for one hour. (b) Recesses and steps in these bulkheads shall be of equivalent construction, from the fire-resisting point of view, to the bulkheads themselves. (c) Any openings in the bulkheads should be closed with doors which are, if practicable, of similar construction. If hinged doors are fitted, each shall be secured by suitable clips or slip-bolts workable from either side of the bulkhead, and the number of the clips or slip-bolts shall be sufficient to prevent the door from warping under the conditions mentioned above. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 53 Stability VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) Inclining Experiment: Every new passenger ship shall be inclined upon its completion and the elements of its stability determined. The Surveyor is to witness the inclining of the ship and satisfy himself that it is carried out in such manner and under such conditions as will give satisfactory results. (2) Stability Data: The owners shall supply the operating personnel with such information as may appear necessary for their guidance in loading and ballasting the ship to ensure sufficient stability in all usual service conditions. A copy of the information supplied is to be forwarded to the Principal Surveyor of Ships for information and record. (3) If any permanent ballast is placed in the ship its nature, amount, and distribution are to be reported. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 54 General VerDate:30/06/1997 PART II MODIFIED REQUIREMENTS APPLYING TO SHIPS INTENDED FOR SERVICE IN THE SIMLA SPECIAL TRADES* (1) International and Short International Voyages (a) Subject to the modifications indicated in paragraphs 54 to 63, the instructions given in paragraphs 1 to 53, relating to Construction shall apply to these ships. (b) In the case of a steamship requiring a safety certificate for a short international voyage, the Principal Surveyor of Ships may allow relaxations from the instructions relating to Double Bottoms (paragraph 15), Openings in W.T. Bulkheads (paragraphs 28 to 41), and Openings in the Ship's Sides below the Margin Line (paragraphs 42 to 48) if and to the extent that he is satisfied that any such requirement is neither reasonable nor practicable in the case of that ship. Shipbuilders and owners or their representatives are to be informed that application for any such relaxation is to be addressed to the Principal Surveyor of Ships together with full particulars as to the reasons for the application. ___________________________________________________________________ Note: * "Simla Special Trades" relate to trades involving the carriage of pilgrims or other unberthed passengers within the area to which the Simla Rules apply. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 55 Permeability VerDate:30/06/1997 (Addition to paragraph 9(3)). Where it is shown to the satisfaction of the Principal Surveyor of Ships that the permeability of one or more compartments of the portion of the ship before (or abaft) the machinery space, as determined by detailed calculation, is less than that given by the formula 63 + 35 a/v, the calculated values may be substituted for each of the compartments in that portion of the ship. For the purpose of such calculation the permeabilities of passenger spaces, as defined in paragraph 6(12), shall be taken as 95, that of all cargo, coal and store spaces as 60, and that of double bottom, oil fuel and other tanks at such values as may be approved in each case by the Principal Surveyor of Ships. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 56 Criterion of service VerDate:30/06/1997 (Sub-paragraph to be substituted for paragraph 11(1)). The Criterion of Service Numeral shall be determined by the following formula- M + 3/2 P1 Cs = 72 ________________________ where V + P1 - P Cs = the Criterion Numeral. M = the volume of the machinery space, as defined in paragraph 6(11), with the addition thereto of the volume of any permanent oil fuel bunkers which may be situated above the inner bottom and before or abaft the machinery spare. P = the whole volume of the passenger spaces below the margin line, as defined in paragraph 6(12). V = the whole volume of the ship below the margin line. P1 = P + 7A + .4LN A = the total area in square feet of the spaces measured in determining the number of unberthed passengers to be carried above the margin line including the area of any compartment containing more than six berths. The area of the spaces occupied by galleys, mess rooms, latrines, washplaces, luggage and store rooms, lavatories, hospitals and the airing spaces for between deck passengers shall not be included. L = the length of the ship, as defined in paragraph 6(2). N = the total number of berths for berthed passengers carried above the margin line, a berthed passenger being defined as one accommodated in a compartment containing not more than six berths. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 57 Rules for subdivision VerDate:30/06/1997 (Sub-paragraph to be substituted for paragraph 12(4)). The provisions of sub-paragraph (3) shall apply also to ships of whatever length, which are L2 (in feet) certified to carry a total number of passengers not exceeding ___________________ or 280, whichever 1260 L2 (in feet) is the less, of which the number of berthed passengers shall not exceed ___________________ or 50, 7000 whichever is the less. In ships of 430 feet in length and upwards to which this sub-paragraph applies, the subdivision abaft the forepeak shall be governed by the factor unity. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 58 Special rules concerning subdivision VerDate:30/06/1997 (Alteration in paragraph 13). In sub-paragraph (2) the words "floodable length" shall be substituted for the words "permissible length". MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 59 Subdivision load lines VerDate:30/06/1997 (Addition to paragraph 16). At the end of sub-paragraph (2) add the words "Loadlines" assigned under the Simla Rules shall be distinguished by the notation D.1, D.2, D.3, etc. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 60 Classes of doors required VerDate:30/06/1997 (Alterations in paragraph 41). (1) In sub-paragraph (5)(b) insert the words "exceeds three and" before the words "does not exceed five". (2) Insert new sub-paragraph (5)(bb) as follows: "When the number of such doors does not exceed three- (i) If the criterion numeral does not exceed sixty-five, they may be Class 3 doors operated by hand only. (ii) If the criterion numeral exceeds sixty-five, they shall be power operated (Class 5) and shall be capable of being simultaneously closed from a station situated on the bridge, the closing being preceded by a warning signal.". MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 61 Side scuttles VerDate:30/06/1997 (Alteration in paragraph 43). In sub-paragraph (6)(f) insert the words "or unberthed" before the word "passengers". MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 62 Exits from watertight compartments VerDate:30/06/1997 (Addition to paragraph 51). At the end of sub-paragraph (2) add the words: "The Principal Surveyor of Ships may, on the application of builders or owners, exempt ships of less than one hundred and fifty feet in length from having such means of escape from the shaft tunnels when in his opinion the fitting of such means would be impracticable or unreasonable.". MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 63 Fire-resisting bulkheads and doors VerDate:30/06/1997 (Addition to paragraph 52). At the end of sub-paragraph (1) add the following words: "Such bulkheads shall not be required in long detached closed superstructures which are not permanently arranged to convey berthed passengers, and in superstructures having large openings in the ship's sides.". MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 64 General VerDate:30/06/1997 (2) International Coasting Voyages. Subject to the modifications indicated in the following paragraphs 65 to 67, the instructions relating to Construction for ships engaged on short international voyages are to apply. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 65 Construction of watertight bulkheads, etc. VerDate:30/06/1997 (Paragraphs 17 to 27). The minimum scantlings of the watertight bulkheads, shaft tunnels, etc., are to be determined as follows- (1) In ships not exceeding 150 feet in length, from Tables 1A, 2A, 2B, 3, 4A, 5A. (Appendix II). (2) In ships 250 feet in length and upwards, from Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. (Appendix II). (3) In ships between 150 feet and 250 feet in length, by interpolation between these two standards. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 66 Classes of doors required VerDate:30/06/1997 Where it is clearly shown to be impracticable or unreasonable to adhere rigidly to the requirements of paragraph 41 as modified by paragraph 60, such relaxations may be granted by the Principal Surveyor of Ships as may appear justified having regard to all the circumstances. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 67 Fire-resisting bulkheads and doors VerDate:30/06/1997 Paragraph 52 as modified by paragraph 63 should be complied with where the constructional and other arrangements are such as to make the provision of fire stops reasonable and easily practicable. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 68 General VerDate:30/06/1997 (3) International River Trade. Subject to the modifications indicated in the following paragraphs 69 to 73, the instructions relating to Construction for ships engaged on short international voyages are to apply. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 69 Permeability VerDate:30/06/1997 (Paragraph 9). (1) The average permeability of the machinery space shall be taken at 80 in steamships and at 85 in ships fitted with internal combustion engines. (2) The average permeability of the portion of the ship before (or abaft) the machinery space shall be obtained from the formula, v 95 - 35 ______ b where- b = the volume of the spaces below the margin line and above the top of floors, inner bottom, cargo platforms, or peak tanks, as the case may be, which are appropriated to and used as cargo spaces, bunkers, store rooms, baggage and mail rooms, chain lockers, and fresh water tanks; and v = whole volume of the portion of the ship below the margin line before (or abaft) the machinery space. (3) In applying the foregoing rule the volume of the cargo spaces below the margin line to be included in "b" is to be determined as follows- The whole volume is to be included for the deep load condition but none for the condition in which no cargo is carried. For any intermediate condition of loading, such proportion of the volume is to be included as may appear reasonable and consistent with the draught under consideration assuming the cargo to be homogeneous and of the same density in each case. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 70 Construction of watertight bulkheads, etc. VerDate:30/06/1997 (Paragraphs 17 to 27). The scantlings of the watertight bulkheads, etc., are to be at least in accordance with Tables 1A, 2A, 2B, 3, 4A and 5A (Appendix II). MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 71 Openings in watertight bulkheads VerDate:30/06/1997 (Paragraphs 28 to 40). The watertight bulkheads are not to be pierced by doorways or other similar openings except as may be required for special purposes, in which case full particulars of the openings and the proposed means for closing them are to be submitted for the approval of the Principal Surveyor of Ships. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 72 Openings in ship's sides above the margin line VerDate:30/06/1997 (Paragraph 49). The requirements of sub-paragraphs (2) and (3) need not be complied with in these ships. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 73 Fire-resisting bulkheads and doors VerDate:30/06/1997 The requirements of paragraph 52 as modified by paragraph 63 should be complied with where the constructional and other arrangements are such as to make the provision of fire stops reasonable and easily practicable. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 74 Submission of construction plans and particulars VerDate:30/06/1997 PART III SUBMISSION OF CONSTRUCTION PLANS AND PARTICULARS The plans and particulars referred to in paragraph 1 to be submitted to the Principal Surveyor of Ships include those specified below and such other information as may appear necessary for the full consideration of the builder's proposals for complying with the Governments requirements for the issue of a passenger or safety certificate. Such plans are to be in duplicate. (1) Hull Structural Plans (Paragraph 2). (a) Midship section, longitudinal section and other structural plans showing the principal hull scantlings, framing, pillars and girders, panting arrangement, strengthening of bottom forward and compensation in way of opening in the shell plating and strength decks. (b) Plans showing details of the rudder and the principal hull castings or forgings including their connections to the hull. (2) Subdivision Arrangements and Calculations (Paragraph 5 to 16). (a) Outline profile and plans showing the margin line (corrected as necessary); all watertight transverse and longitudinal bulkheads, decks, inner skins, shaft and other tunnels, trunks and ventilators; recesses and steps in the watertight bulkheads; double bottoms; and principal openings in the watertight bulkheads and decks; the appropriation of spaces below the bulkhead deck; the positions of equivalent plane bulkheads; the lengths of the main transverse compartments and the weathertight arrangements at the forward end. Tunnels, recesses and steps are to be shown in plan and elevation and typical sections of the double bottom should be given. (b) Subdivision coefficients and particulars on Forms B.H.1, B.H.1A, B.H.2 and B.H.2A. Calculations of equivalent plane bulkheads; allowances for local subdivision and, if available, a copy of the builder's flooding calculations and curves. (See also paragraph 75(3)). (3) Subdivision Structural Details (Paragraphs 17 to 25 and 28 to 47). (a) Plans showing scantlings and details of construction of all watertight and oil-tight bulkheads, decks, inner skins, shaft and other tunnels, escape and other trunks. The pressure head upon which the scantlings of oil-tight bulkheads, decks, etc., are based should be indicated on the plans. (b) Plans showing the arrangement, types and details of all side scuttles below the margin line. (c) Plans showing the arrangement and detail of all side doors below the margin line. (d) Plans showing the arrangement and particulars of ship's side discharges, including ash-shoots, rubbish shoots, etc. (4) Arrangement above the Bulkhead Deck (Paragraphs 49 to 52):- (a) Plans showing the arrangement and particulars of side scuttles above the margin line. (b) Plans showing the arrangement and details of sidedoors above the margin line. (c) Plans showing the arrangement and details of fire-resisting bulkheads, doors, etc. (d) Plans showing the exits from watertight compartments and the arrangements for complying with the requirements of paragraph 51. (5) Stability (Paragraphs 13 and 53):- (a) Calculations of angle of heel made in connection with paragraph 13(8) and copy of relevant instructions issued to ship's Officers. (b) Report of inclining experiment (paragraph 53) and copy of stability information issued to the operating personnel in accordance with paragraph 53(2). (c) Amount and disposition of permanent ballast, if any (paragraph 53(3)). (6) Plans and particulars of watertight doors (paragraphs 31 to 41, 46 and 48). (a) An outline sketch, plan and elevation showing the margin line; the deepest subdivision loadline; the positions of the water-tight doors; openings in watertight bulkheads for air trunks and refrigerating trunkways; openings closed by portable plates and the leads of the shafting for the hand gear of the doors, etc. (b) When power doors are to be fitted the following particulars, with plans as necessary- (i) Sources of power for operating the doors. (ii) Arrangements for transmitting the power from the central closing station for operating the doors. (iii) Gauges or indicators at the central closing stations, which show whether the power is available for operating the doors. (iv) Indicating arrangements at the central closing station for showing whether the doors are open or shut. (v) Warning signals operating when the closing power is about to be applied. (c) Detailed plans of the different doors showing- (i) the various gears for operating the doors by hand and power. (ii) the indicators for showing when the doors are closed by hand. (iii) the screens for preventing coal interfering with the closing of bunker doors. (7) Plans of under water ash ejectors and expellers, and valves and other fittings for preventing the accidental admission of water into the ship. (See paragraphs 46 and 48). MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 75 Verification of subdivision particulars VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) The coefficients and particulars on Forms B.H.1, and B.H.1A, B.H.2 and B.H.2A, referred to in paragraph 74(2)(b) are required for developing flooding curves by the surveyor of ships and the surveyor is therefore to satisfy himself that the information on these forms is correct. If, in the process of checking, any material errors are found the surveyor is at once to advise the Principal Surveyor of Ships and render amended particulars. (2) Except as provided for in sub-paragraph (3), the builders of the ship are not obliged to furnish a copy of their subdivision calculations but the surveyor is to visit the shipyard in order to check them and to take such notes of the figures as will enable him to identify them at any future time. If the builders make flooding calculations and curves by the Ministry of Shipping's approximate method and are willing to furnish a copy of them, they are to be forwarded to facilitate the work. It must be made clear to the builders of the ship that in the event of any alteration being made in the lines plan after the coefficients, etc., have been verified, the calculations are to be at once revised, re-checked by the surveyor and the results supplied to the Principal Surveyor of Ships so that the flooding curves may be amended as necessary. (3) If a ship is of such exceptional form that special subdivision calculations and curves are made as provided for in paragraph 8, these are to be checked at the shipyard and a complete copy forwarded for consideration. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 76 Compasses VerDate:30/06/1997 PART IV EQUIPMENT (Excluding life-saving appliances, lights and sound signals) (a) Every passenger steamship engaged on international voyages other than the River Trade is to be provided with at least three efficient compasses complete with binnacles. One is to be a standard compass fitted with the means for taking accurate bearings. (b) Passenger steamships engaged on international voyages in the River Trade must be provided with at least one standard compass fitted with the means for taking accurate bearings and one steering compass. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 77 Adjustment of compasses VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) (a) All compasses which are provided in accordance with paragraph 76 must be properly adjusted from time to time to the satisfaction of the surveyor, and according to the following instructions. (b) On the first survey of any new steamship, the surveyor shall require the compasses to be properly adjusted or verified by a competent person selected by the shipowner. The certificate of such a person is to be to the effect that the compasses of a steel or iron ship are properly adjusted and a table of errors furnished, or, in the case of a wooden ship, are properly verified and a table of errors provided. (c) In the case of steel and iron ships which are surveyed after lying idle for a long time, or after having undergone repairs or alterations involving the removal or addition of iron or steelwork, a certificate of adjustment is to be required. (2) Apart from the adjustment of compasses in the circumstances mentioned in sub-paragraph (1), all compasses should be occasionally adjusted, but this is less essential if, when ships have been in service for a long period, the surveyor is satisfied that the Compass Deviation Book has been kept up to date, and if a comparison extending over two or three voyages shows that there has been no marked change in the deviation. (3) In ships where electrical energy is utilised for lighting or any other purpose, disturbing effects are likely to arise from electric circuits adjacent to the compasses. It is therefore necessary that the adjustments should be made (a) with the dynamo at rest, (b) with the dynamo running and the various electric circuits in the vicinity of the compass "on" and (c) with the dynamo running and such circuits "off". In all such instances the surveyor is to require the certificate of adjustment to be in the following form- "This is to certify that the compasses of the iron (steel) steamship O.N. have been adjusted for magnetic deviation, and are now in perfect order. Tables showing the effect of such deviation have this day been handed to the Master. The deviations have been ascertained on the various courses both with the dynamo stopped, and with it running at full speed, with electric current 'on' and 'off' all circuits in the vicinity of the compasses. The deviations so found are practically identical under both conditions, and are in accordance with the tables furnished this day to the Master. Dated at this day of , 19 . (Signature) .". (4) Certificates of adjustment or verification should be in the possession of the surveyor before the latter gives his declaration, and he should forward them to the owners with his declaration. (See, however, paragraph 79). In all cases the surveyor should satisfy himself as to the proficiency of the person whose signature is attached to such certificates. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 78 Master's and mate's compass certificate VerDate:30/06/1997 In cases, when having regard to paragraph 77 the surveyor does not consider an adjustment necessary, he should, before he grants his declaration, obtain a certificate signed by the master and mate who are going to make the next voyage in the ship to the effect that the compasses are to their satisfaction, and that correct deviation cards have been supplied. This certificate is to be attested by the owners and the wording should be as shown on form Surveys 23. If, however, either the master or mate who is to make the next voyage in the ship does not sign a certificate of this kind, or if the owners decline to attest it, the surveyor must require the compasses to be readjusted, and enclose a certificate from an adjuster in the declaration. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 79 Delay in obtaining compass certificate VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) In order to facilitate the preparation of passenger certificates, declarations may be issued in the absence of the relevant compass certificate in either of the following cases- (a) If the master of a ship has not been able to procure a certificate of adjustment of the compasses and the omission does not appear to be due to any negligence or fault of the master or owner. (b) If there is delay in obtaining the certificate of the master and mate and there is no reason to believe that they will refuse to sign this certificate or that the owners will decline to attest it. (2) When the requisite certificate is not available for enclosure with the declaration, the surveyor is to report the fact in writing to the Principal Surveyor of Ships so as to ensure that the passenger certificate will be withheld until the necessary compass certificate is produced. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 80 Leads and lead-lines VerDate:30/06/1997 The minimum requirements as to the provision of leads and lead-lines are as follows- (1) In the case of every passenger steamship engaged on international voyages other than the River Trade: 2 deep sea leads of at least 28 lbs. each. 2 deep sea lead-lines of at least 120 fathoms each and a suitable reel. Provided that where an efficient sounding machine is fitted, one of the deep sea leads and lead-lines need not be required, and where a second drum with an additional 300 fathoms of wire is supplied, it is unnecessary to require the provision of any deep sea leads and lead-lines. 4 hand leads of at least 7 lbs. each. 4 hand lead-lines of at least 25 fathoms each. The hand leads and lead-lines are to be provided in all cases. (2) In the case of every passenger steamship engaged on international voyages in the River Trade: 2 hand leads of at least 7 lbs. each. 2 hand lead-lines of at least 25 fathoms each. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 81 Anchors, chain cables, hawsers and warps VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) The anchors and chain cables of every passenger steamship are to be properly tested, certified and sufficient for the service intended. The surveyor should require the production of the test certificates of any anchor or chain cable exceeding 168 lbs. in weight which forms part of the equipment of the ship. When from any cause these cannot be produced, he is to exercise discretion as to insisting upon compliance with this instruction, if satisfied that the anchors and chain cables have been proved and the proof marks are distinct and in order. Doubtful cases are to be reported to the Principal Surveyor of Ships. (2) (a) In the case of every passenger steamship engaged on international voyages other than the River Trade, anchors and chain cables, if provided in accordance with the requirements of Lloyd's Register of Shipping, may be regarded as being adequate for the service intended. (b) In the case of every passenger steamship engaged on international voyages in the River Trade, the number and weight of anchors, the size, length and weight of chain cables are to be to the approval of the Principal Surveyor of Ships. (c) In every instance proper hawsers and warps are to be provided. (d) Spare anchors must not be stowed below but kept readily available. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 82 Distress signals VerDate:30/06/1997 The prescribed signals of distress, to be used either together or separately are- (1) In the daytime: (a) A gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute; (b) The International Code signal of distress (i.e., the signal N C); (c) The distance signal, consisting of a square flag, having either above or below it a ball or anything resembling a ball; (d) A continuous sounding with any fog-signal apparatus. (2) At night: (a) A gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute; (b) Flames on the vessel (as from a burning tar-barrel, oil-barrel, etc.); (c) Rockets or shells, throwing stars of any colour or description, fired one at a time, at short intervals; (d) A continuous sounding with any fog-signal apparatus. (3) In the daytime or at night: The morse sign S 0 S made by radiotelegraphy or any other distance signalling method, or the spoken word "May-day" sent by radiotelephony. (The alarm signal, i.e., the wireless signal employed to actuate the auto-alarm of ships so fitted, has also been prescribed as a distress signal). MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 83 Means of making signals of distress VerDate:30/06/1997 In addition to the wireless telegraphy installation with which all passenger steamers, unless exempt, are required to be provided and the fog signalling apparatus required for the purpose of the Collision Regulations, all passenger steamers are to be provided with means of making distress signals in accordance with paragraph 84. Surveyors are to satisfy themselves, before signing their declaration for the issue or renewal of the Safety or Passenger Certificate that the requisite means of making distress signals have been provided and are in good order. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 84 Description of requisite signals VerDate:30/06/1997 (a) Distress Rockets: At least 24 rockets throwing stars of any colour or description are to be carried. Each rocket should be of not less size than that commonly known in the trade as 16 ozs. If a gun with charges of ammunition in accordance with sub-paragraph (c) is carried, or if socket signals in accordance with sub-paragraph (d) are provided, the number of rockets may be reduced by the number of gun charges or socket signals, provided that at least 12 rockets are carried. (b) Lifebuoy Lights and Deck Flares: At least two lifebuoy lights or approved deck flares self igniting in water are to be carried so that the ship may, if necessary, make the statutory distress signal "flames on the vessel." Such lifebuoy lights are additional to those required by the Regulations relating to life-saving appliances. (c) Gun: If a gun is carried it should not be less than 3 1/2 inches in the bore and should be provided with suitable charges of ammunition each containing 16 ozs. of powder. The necessary requisites for firing the gun should also be provided. (d) Socket Signals: If socket signals are carried they are to be of an approved make and the surveyors should satisfy themselves that they will be fired only from approved sockets. There should be two sockets, one forward and one aft, on different sides of the vessel. Sockets should be of suitable gauge and should invariably be secured to a solid and substantial part of the vessel and should be fixed at an angle of about, but not less than, 20 degrees from the perpendicular so as to obviate the risk of a signal falling on the vessel's deck if it fails to rise to the normal height. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 85 Approval of lifebuoy lights VerDate:30/06/1997 Lifebuoy lights should be capable of burning brightly in water for at least 40 minutes. Full instructions for their use should be attached to each of them. Lifebuoy fights of the following brands have been approved and may be accepted with an occasional test in accordance with paragraph 87(2) below. Name of Light. Manufacturer "Flag Brand" Lifebuoy Light. J. R. Holmes (Holmes Light Company), 10, Idol Lane, London, E.C.3. "Flag Brand" Slipway Automatic Lifebuoy Light. J. R. Holmes (Holmes Light Company), 10, Idol Lane, London, E.C.3. "Handy Man's" Lifebuoy Light. Holmes Marine Life Protection Association, 8, Great Winchester Street, London, E.C.2. "Save-U-Lite" Lifebuoy Light. The Automatic Life Company, Baltimore, U.S.A. "Carl Fleming" Lifebuoy Light. Stevedoring and General Agencies, Limited, 22, Billiter Street, London, E.C.2. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 86 Marking VerDate:30/06/1997 All socket signals, rockets, deck flares and lifebuoy fights must be clearly and permanently marked or stamped with the date of manufacture. Adhesive labels or painted figures are not regarded as permanent marking. Where sheet brass labels are used in contact with tin cases, the surveyors should be careful to see that the brass plates are properly soldered on and that there is no sign of corrosion of the canister. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 87 Testing VerDate:30/06/1997 (1) Testing and Renewal of Rockets and Socket Signals: Signals are liable to deteriorate if kept for a lengthened period, particularly if allowed to become damp. They should therefore be carefully examined at least once a year, and any showing signs of dampness, careless manufacture, or unusual wear and tear, should receive special attention, and, if necessary, be rejected. It has been found that practical difficulties exist in the testing of rockets and socket signals in docks and harbours and they must usually, therefore, be judged by appearance. If practicable they should be tested after one year from the date of manufacture, but they are not in any case to be accepted after a period of two years from the date of manufacture. (2) Testing and Renewal of Deck Flares and Lifebuoy Lights: Deck flares and lifebuoy lights may deteriorate quickly when exposed to the weather, especially if the metal cases or seals have suffered any damage or are not well and strongly constructed; they should, therefore, be carefully examined at least once a year. Their condition can often be gauged by their appearance and smell, for, when in good order, they should have practically no smell; but they should not be shaken, as this under certain conditions may cause generation of gas and possibly an explosion. In the case of deck flares and lifebuoy lights of an approved make, check tests should be made by actual burning from time to time at the surveyor's discretion. If the results of the tests are unsatisfactory, the signals are to be rejected and a full report made to the Principal Surveyor of Ships. Other makes of deck flares and lifebuoy lights should be tested by actual burning at each annual survey, two of the lights being selected for this purpose by the surveyor from those on board the ship. If the results of the tests are satisfactory, and if the signals are strongly constructed and in all respects fit for the purpose for which they are intended, they may be accepted; otherwise they are to be rejected. (3) Precautions during Tests of Pyrotechnic Lights and Signals: In all cases, when tests of pyrotechnic signals, deck flares or lifebuoy lights are being made, surveyors should take precautions to ensure that no danger will be caused to themselves or to other persons in the event of premature explosions, or by the falling of a spent rocket or of a socket signal. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 88 Stowage of signals VerDate:30/06/1997 Before granting declarations for passenger steamships, surveyors should in all cases see that a separate, detached, and completely enclosed receptacle is provided for each of the following kinds of explosives- (1) gunpowder or cartridges made therewith; (2) rockets, socket signals and any other pyrotechnic signals; (3) deck flares and lifebuoy lights. These separate receptacles should not be made merely by divisions or partitions in a cupboard or locker or chest, but must be separate magazines, exclusively appropriated to the keeping of the explosives. Charges of gunpowder, if carried, should be contained in flannel bags, and the magazine in which they are kept should be made of copper, well and strongly constructed. To prevent injury to the rockets and other signals, it is desirable either that the receptacles should be internally divided in such a way that the signals can be stowed vertically or that they should be of about the same length as the signals, but of insufficient width to enable the signals to turn round. The lids should be secured by hinges or brass screws so as to permit of an inspection being made without injury to the case. Socket signals are usually supplied in wooden boxes with a tin box inside containing the friction tubes. Where this is so, no other receptacle is required for the friction tubes. Signals should, where possible, be kept in a house on deck, and the receptacles containing different classes should be ranged as far apart as circumstances will permit, so that in the event of spontaneous combustion in any receptacle, or of risk of any sort arising, any of the receptacles affected may be removed at once. Deck flares and lifebuoy lights should be kept in a dry place away from any other signals or explosives. No article of an explosive or highly inflammable character should be carried in any room or place in which any receptacle containing distress signals is deposited. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 89 Duties of surveyors VerDate:30/06/1997 PART V SURVEYS FOR RENEWAL OF SAFETY AND/OR PASSENGER CERTIFICATES Surveyors are to satisfy themselves at the periodical surveys that the hulls of passenger steamships are in good condition, that the principal structural scantlings are maintained, that the arrangements and details generally are in accordance with the Government's requirements, and that the ship is in all respects fit for her intended service. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 90 Examination of outside of hull, etc. in dry dock VerDate:30/06/1997 The surveyor is to make a thorough examination in dry dock of the outside of the hull after it has been cleaned and before it is painted. All outside under water fittings and their fastenings, including the rudder and its fittings are also to be inspected. Anchors and chain cables are to be examined at least once in 12 months. Chain cables are to be removed from the chain locker, ranged, shackle pins knocked out and cleaned if necessary. When the surveyor is doubtful as to the sufficiency of the cables, having regard to wear, he is to require gaugings to be produced of such portions as he may consider expedient, in order to form an opinion of their fitness for further service or otherwise. Details of such gaugings are to be recorded. (See also paragraphs 4 and 95). MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 91 Survey of inside of hull VerDate:30/06/1997 For the proper examination of the interior structure the surveyor is to have removed such parts of the ceiling, etc., as he may consider necessary to enable him to ascertain the condition of all plating, stringers, frames, floors, rivets, etc., particularly in the engine room, boiler space and coal bunkers. Where cement is fitted it should be examined, and where it is cracked or otherwise of doubtful appearance, the examination is to be extended, such portions of the cement being removed as may in the opinion of the surveyor be necessary to enable him to form a correct opinion of the state of the plating, rivets, etc., in way of the cement. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 92 Load line markings VerDate:30/06/1997 The surveyor must ascertain that all load line markings, including any which may have been assigned in connection with approved subdivision arrangements, are in accordance with the appropriate certificates. (See also paragraph 1(5)(d)). MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 93 Watertight bulkheads, decks, tunnels, etc. VerDate:30/06/1997 A careful examination is to be made of all watertight bulkheads, decks, tunnels, etc., in order to ascertain their condition and whether their watertightness has in any way been impaired. In the case of a ship for which a definite standard of subdivision has been approved, the surveyor is to satisfy himself that the watertight compartments and all the arrangements and details connected with the subdivision of the ship are in order. If a book B.H.1 has previously been compiled for the ship, the arrangements and details in the ship are to be compared with those recorded in the book. (See paragraph 1(6)). If any alterations in the approved subdivision arrangements and details, including watertight and non-watertight longitudinal bulkheads (where fitted), appropriation of spaces below the bulkhead deck, etc., have been made since the previous survey, they are to be reported in detail and B.H.1 and B.H.1A amended as necessary. MERCHANT SHIPPING (INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS) (PASSENGER SHIPS) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 94 Openings in watertight bulkheads, etc. VerDate:30/06/1997 All watertight doors and other means for closing openings in the watertight bulkheads, etc., are to be inspected and their condition and efficiency ascertained. The doors should be tried by hand, and also by power if the doors are p