ROAD TRAFFIC (CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF VEHICLES) REGULATIONS
- CHAPTER 374A

ROAD TRAFFIC (CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF VEHICLES) REGULATIONS - LONG TITLE  
Empowering section VerDate:30/06/1997



ROAD TRAFFIC (CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE
OF VEHICLES) REGULATIONS*

(Cap 374, section 9)

[25 August 1984]  L.N. 297 of 1984

(L.N. 286 of 1983)
___________________________________________________________________________
____
Notes:
*
1.	The operation of these Regulations is affected by the 
transitional provisions contained in s. 3 of L.N. 113 of 1998, which 
section is reproduced as follows-

"3.	Transitional


(1)	The provisions as amended by this Regulation shall, from the 
commencement of this Regulation, apply to buses, light buses, goods 
vehicles, special purpose vehicles and trailers registered on or after 1 
June 1998.

(2)	The provisions as amended by this Regulation shall, from a day 
to be appointed by the Commissioner by notice in the Gazette, apply to 
buses, light buses, goods vehicles, special purpose vehicles and trailers, 
registered before 1 June 1998.

(3)	A notice under subsection (2) may fix different days for 
different provisions as amended by this Regulation to apply in respect of 
different vehicles and different notices may fix different days for 
different circumstances in respect of different vehicles.".

2.	L.N. 113 of 1998 came into operation on 20 February 1998.



ROAD TRAFFIC (CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF VEHICLES) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 1
Citation VerDate:30/06/1997



PART I

PRELIMINARY


(1)	These regulations may be cited as the Road Traffic 
(Construction and Maintenance of Vehicles) Regulations (Spent words 
omitted).

(2)	(Omitted as spent)



ROAD TRAFFIC (CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF VEHICLES) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 2
Interpretation VerDate:01/05/2008



In these regulations, unless the context otherwise requires-
"agricultural implement" (農具) means an agricultural implement or 
agricultural machine, being in either case a vehicle;
"agricultural tractor" (農業用拖拉機) means a motor vehicle which is designed or 
adapted for use primarily in agriculture and which is not used on a road 
for the conveyance of any goods other than agricultural produce or 
articles required for the purposes of agriculture;
"agricultural trailer" (農業用拖車) means a trailer other than an agricultural 
trailed appliance, which is constructed or adapted for the purpose of 
agriculture, horticulture or forestry and which is only used for one or 
more of those purposes;  (L.N. 203 of 1990)
"air pollutant" (空氣污染物) has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Air 
Pollution Control Ordinance (Cap 311);  (L.N. 160 of 2000)
"approval mark" (認可標記), in relation to an installation in a vehicle, means 
a mark indicating compliance with the applicable equirements contained in 
these regulations;  (L.N. 151 of 2007)
"articulated vehicle" (掛接車輛) means a motor vehicle with a trailer so 
attached that part of the trailer is superimposed upon the motor vehicle, 
and when the trailer is uniformly loaded a substantial part of the weight 
of the load is borne by the motor vehicle;
"Authority" (監督) has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Air Pollution 
Control Ordinance (Cap 311);  (L.N. 160 of 2000)
"axle weight" (車軸重量), in relation to each axle of a motor vehicle or 
trailer, means the sum of the weights transmitted to the road surface by 
all the wheels of that axle; and in counting the number of axles and in 
determining the sum of the weights transmitted to the road surface by any 
one axle of a vehicle, where the centres of the areas of contact between 
all the wheels and the road surface can be included between any 2 vertical 
planes at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle less than 
one metre apart, those wheels shall be treated as constituting one axle;  
(L.N. 218 of 1984)
"braking efficiency" (制動效能), in relation to the application of brakes to a 
motor vehicle at any time, means the maximum braking force capable of 
being developed by the application of those brakes, expressed as a 
percentage of the gross vehicle weight of the vehicle;
"close-coupled" (緊耦合), in relation to a trailer, means that the wheels on 
the same side of the trailer are so fitted that all times while it is in 
motion they remain parallel to the longitudinal axis of the trailer, and 
that the distance between the centres of their respective areas of contact 
with the road surface does not exceed 850 millimetres;
"combination of vehicles" (組合式車輛) means coupled vehicles which travel on 
the road as a unit;
"compression-ignition engine" (壓燃式引擎) means an engine in which the fuel is 
injected into the cylinders or combustion space of the engine and is there 
ignited during normal running solely by the heat of compression of the 
cylinder charge;
“1949 Convention” (1949年國際公約) means the International Convention relative 
to the international circulation of motor traffic concluded at Geneva on 
19 September 1949;  (L.N. 48 of 2007)
"deck" (層、車廂地板) means a floor or platform of a vehicle upon which seats 
are provided for the accommodation of passengers;
"dipped beam" (低光) means a beam of light emitted by a headlamp carried on 
a vehicle, being a beam which is deflected downwards or both downwards and 
to the left to such an extent that it is at all times incapable of 
dazzling any person who is on the same horizontal plane as the vehicle at 
a greater distance than 8 metres from the headlamp and whose eye-level is 
not less than one metre above that plane;
"direction indicator" (轉向指示器) means a device required to be fitted to a 
motor vehicle or trailer for the purpose of indicating the intention of 
the driver to change the direction of the vehicle to the right or to the 
left;
"double-decked bus" (雙層巴士) means a bus having 2 decks one of which is 
wholly or partly above the other and each deck of which is provided with a 
gangway serving seats on that deck only;
"dual purpose lamp" (雙用途燈) means a lamp combining an obligatory front lamp 
and an obligatory rear lamp;
"emergency exit" (緊急出口) means an exit on a vehicle which is provided for 
use only in case of emergency as required by these regulations;
"engineering plant" (工程裝置) means-

        (a)	movable plant or equipment being a motor vehicle or trailer, 
specially designed and constructed for the purposes of road construction, 
maintenance or marking, or other engineering operations, and which-

        (i)	cannot, owing to the requirements of those purposes, comply in 
all respects with the requirements of these regulations; and

        (ii)	is not constructed primarily to carry a load other than a load 
which is either excavated materials raised from the ground by apparatus on 
the motor vehicle or trailer, or materials which the vehicle or trailer is 
specially designed to use or treat while carried thereon; or

        (b)	a mobile crane which does not comply in all respects with the 
requirements of these regulations;
"entrance" (入口) means any aperture or space provided to enable passengers 
to board a vehicle;
"exhaust emission" (排氣污染物) means any air pollutant emitted from the tail 
pipe of a motor vehicle;  (L.N. 160 of 2000)
"exit" (出口) means any aperture or space provided to enable passengers to 
leave a vehicle;
"extreme rear" (尾端) means the rearmost point for the time being of a 
vehicle or a sidecar, inclusive of any luggage carrier and any tailboard 
or other adjustable part except when the tailboard or adjustable part is 
extended whilst the vehicle is stationary and being loaded or unloaded;
"fare receipt" (車費收據), in relation to a taxi means a receipt within the 
meaning of regulation 49A(1) of the Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) 
Regulations (Cap 374 sub. leg. D) which complies with the requirements of 
that regulation; (L.N. 148 of 1997)
"fog lamp" (霧燈) means a lamp on a motor vehicle which is to be used 
primarily in conditions of fog or mist;
"front corner marker lamp" (前角標誌燈) means a lamp required to be carried by 
a trailer by regulation 108 and which shows a white light to the side and 
front of the trailer through an arc extending 90 degrees forward from a 
line at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the trailer;
"gangway" (過道), in relation to a bus or light bus, means the space 
provided for obtaining access from any entrance to the passengers' seats 
or from any such seat to an exit, other than an emergency exit, but does 
not include a staircase or any space in front of a seat which is required 
only for the use of passengers occupying that seat or that row of seats;
"goods-carrying trailer" (載貨拖車) means a trailer constructed or adapted for 
use for the carriage of goods of any description and which is either-

        (a)	a semi-trailer; or

        (b)	a trailer with 4 or more wheels drawn by a goods vehicle or an 
industrial tractor or land tractor;
"gross combined weight" (組合式車輛總重) means the actual weight transmitted to 
the road surface by all the wheels of a combination of vehicles;
"half-decked bus" (一層半式巴士) means any bus which is neither a single-decked 
bus nor a double-decked bus;
"head restraint" (頭部保護裝置) means a device the function of which is to limit 
the rearward displacement of the head of a seated passenger in relation to 
his torso in order to reduce the danger of injury to the cervical 
vertebrae of the passenger in the event of an accident;  (L.N. 147 of 2002)
"headlamp" (大燈) means a lamp, other than a fog lamp, required to be 
carried by a vehicle and which is designed, when lit, to illuminate the 
road in front of the vehicle;
"hours of darkness" (黑夜時間) has the meaning assigned to it by regulation 
2(1) and (2) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Control) Regulations (Cap 374 
sub. leg. G);
"illuminated area" (照明面積), in relation to a lamp on a vehicle, means the 
area of the orthogonal projection on a vertical plane at right angles to 
the longitudinal axis of the vehicle of that part of the lamp through 
which the light is emitted;
"industrial tractor" (工業用拖拉機) means a motor tractor, other than a  land 
tractor, which-

        (a)	is designed and used primarily for work off roads, or for work 
on roads in connection only with road construction, maintenance or refuse 
collection (including any such motor vehicle when fitted with an implement 
or implements designed primarily for use in connection with such work, 
whether or not any such implement is of itself designed to carry a load); 
and

        (b)	is so constructed as to be incapable of exceeding a speed of 30 
kilometres per hour on the level under its own power;
"internal combustion engine" (內燃引擎) means a compression-ignition engine or 
a positive-ignition engine;
"international circulation permit" (國際通行許可證) has the meaning assigned to 
it by regulation 2 of the Road Traffic (Registration and Licensing of 
Vehicles) Regulations (Cap 374 sub. leg. E);
"land implement" (土地機具) means any implement or machinery used with a land 
locomotive or a land tractor in connexion with agriculture, grass cutting, 
forestry, land levelling, dredging or similar operations and any trailer 
which for the time being carries only the necessary gear or equipment of 
the land locomotive or land tractor which tows it;
"land implement conveyor" (土地機具運輪裝置) means a trailer, having an unladen 
weight not exceeding 510 kilograms, which is specially designed and 
constructed for the conveyance of not more than one land implement and 
which is marked with its unladen weight, has each of its wheels fitted 
with a pneumatic tyre and is towed by a land locomotive or land tractor;
"land locomotive" (土地機車) means a locomotive designed and used primarily 
for work on the land in connection with agriculture, forestry, land 
levelling, dredging or similar operations, which is driven on a road only 
when proceeding to and from the site of such work and which when so driven 
hauls nothing other than land implements or land implement conveyors;
"land tractor" (土地拖拉機) means a motor tractor designed and used primarily 
for work on the land in connection with agriculture, grass cutting, 
forestry, land levelling, dredging or similar operations, which is not 
constructed or adapted itself to carry a load other than-

        (a)	water, fuel, accumulators and other equipment used for the 
purpose of propulsion, loose tools and loose equipment;

        (b)	an implement fitted to the tractor and used for work on the 
land in connection with any agricultural or forestry operations;
"liquefied petroleum gas" (石油氣) has the same meaning as in section 2 of 
the Gas Safety Ordinance (Cap 51);  (L.N. 160 of 2000)
"locomotive" (機車) means a motor vehicle which is not constructed itself to 
carry a load, other than water, fuel, accumulators and other equipment 
used for the purpose of propulsion, loose tools and loose equipment, and 
the unladen weight of which exceeds 8 tonnes;
"main beam" (主光) means a beam of light emitted by a headlamp, being a beam 
which is not a dipped beam;
"matched pair of headlamps" (配對大燈) means a pair of headlamps on a vehicle, 
one on each side of the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal 
axis of the vehicle (disregarding, for the purpose of ascertaining such 
axis, any sidecar attached thereto) which comply with the following 
requirements-

        (a)	each headlamp in the pair is at the same height above the 
ground; and

        (b)	the distance between the centre of each headlamp in the pair 
and the said vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the 
vehicle does not vary by more than 25 millimetres;
"matched pair of obligatory headlamps" (配對強制性大燈) means a matched pair of 
headlamps required to be carried by a vehicle by regulation 96, 97 or 98;
"motor tractor" (機動拖拉機) means a motor vehicle which is not constructed 
itself to carry a load, other than water, fuel, accumulators and other 
equipment used for the purpose of propulsion, loose tools and loose 
equipment and the unladen weight of which does not exceed 8 tonnes;
"multi-pull means of operation" (多次拉力操作工具), in relation to a braking 
system, means a device which causes the muscular energy of the driver to 
apply the brakes of that system progressively as a result of successive 
applications of that device by the driver;
"new motor vehicle" (新汽車) has the meaning assigned to it by section 2(1) 
of the Motor Vehicles (First Registration Tax) Ordinance (Cap 330);  (L.N. 
151 of 2007)
"obligatory front lamp" (強制性前燈) means a lamp, showing to the front of a 
vehicle a white light, required to be carried by regulation 89;
"obligatory headlamp" (強制性大燈) means any headlamp required to be carried by 
a vehicle by regulation 96, 97 or 98;
"obligatory rear lamp" (強制性後燈) means a lamp, capable of showing to the 
rear of a vehicle a red light, required to be carried by regulation 103;  
(L.N. 258 of 1984)
"obligatory reflector" (強制性反光體) means a red reflector required to be 
fitted to a vehicle by regulation 106;
"outermost part" (最外部分), in relation to a vehicle, does not include a 
door, hinged side or other adjustable part of the vehicle when opened or 
extended or a driving mirror or a direction indicator;
"overall height" (全高度) means the height of a vehicle standing on a level 
surface with all tyres inflated to normal pressure, measured vertically 
from such surface to the highest point of such vehicle or of the load on 
such vehicle whichever is the higher;
"overall length" (全長度) means the length of a vehicle measured between 
vertical planes at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle 
and passing through the extreme projecting points thereof exclusive of-

        (a)	any driving mirror;

        (b)	any starting handle;

        (c)	any hood when down;

        (d)	any expanding or extensible contrivance forming part of a 
turntable fire escape fixed to the vehicle; and

        (e)	any front corner marker lamp or side marker lamp,
and in ascertaining the extreme projecting points of a vehicle account 
shall be taken of any device or any receptacle on or attached to the 
vehicle which increases the carrying capacity of the vehicle unless-

        (i)	it is a tailboard which is let down while the vehicle is 
stationary in order to facilitate its loading or unloading;

        (ii)	it is a tailboard which is let down in order to facilitate the 
carriage of, but which is not essential for the support of, loads which 
are in themselves so long as to extend at least as far as the tailboard 
when in the upright position; or

        (iii)	it is a receptacle which is constructed or adapted for the 
purpose of being lifted on or off vehicles with goods contained therein 
and is from time to time actually used for that purpose;
"overall width" (全寬度) means the width of a vehicle measured between 
vertical planes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and 
passing through the extreme projecting points thereof exclusive of-

        (a)	any driving mirror;

        (b)	any direction indicator;

        (c)	so much of the distortion of any tyre as is caused by the 
weight of the vehicle; and

        (d)	any front corner marker lamp or side marker lamp,
and in ascertaining the extreme projecting points of a vehicle account 
shall be taken of any device or any receptacle on or attached to the 
vehicle which increases the carrying capacity of the vehicle unless-

        (i)	it is a sideboard which is let down while the vehicle is 
stationary in order to facilitate its loading or unloading; or

        (ii)	it is a receptacle which is constructed or adapted for the 
purpose of being lifted on or off vehicles with goods contained therein 
and is from time to time actually used for that purpose;
"overhang" (懸出量) means the distance measured horizontally and parallel to 
the longitudinal axis of a vehicle between the vertical planes at right 
angles to that axis passing through the 2 points respectively specified in 
paragraphs (a) and (b) of this definition-

        (a)	the rearmost point of the vehicle exclusive of-

        (i)	any hood when down;

        (ii)	any expanding or extensible contrivance forming part of a 
turntable fire escape fixed to the vehicle;

        (iii)	in the case of a motor vehicle constructed solely for the 
carriage of passengers and their effects and adapted to carry not more 
than 7 passengers, any luggage carrier fitted to the vehicle; and

        (iv)	in the case of a vehicle constructed to tow a trailer, any 
part of the vehicle designed primarily for use as a means of attaching the 
trailer and any fitting designed for use in connection with such part, 
being a part and fitting the total length of which measured parallel to 
the longitudinal axis of the vehicle does not exceed 300 millimetres; and

        (b)	(i)	in the case of a motor vehicle having not more than 
3 axles of which only one is not a steering axle, the centre point of that 
axle;

        (ii)	in the case of a motor vehicle having 3 axles of which the 
front axle is the only steering axle and of a motor vehicle having 4 axles 
of which the 2 foremost are the only steering axles, a point 100 
millimetres to the rear of the centre of a straight line joining the 
centre points of the 2 rearmost axles; and

        (iii)	in any other case, a point situated on the longitudinal axis 
of the vehicle and such that a line drawn from it at right angles to that 
axis will pass through the centre of the minimum turning circle of the 
vehicle;
"passenger vehicle" (客運車輛) means a vehicle constructed solely for the 
carriage of passengers and their effects;
"pedestrian-controlled vehicle" (徒步控制車輛) means a vehicle, other than a 
rickshaw, which is controlled by a pedestrian and not constructed or 
adapted for use or used for the carriage of a driver or passenger;
"permanent top" (固定車頂) means any covering of a vehicle, other than a hood 
made of canvas or other flexible material which is capable of being 
readily folded back so that no portion of such hood or any fixed structure 
of the roof remains vertically above any part of any seat of the vehicle, 
or, in the case of a double-decked bus, of any seat on the upper deck of 
the bus;
"pneumatic tyre" (充氣輪胎) means a tyre which is-

        (a)	provided with a continuous closed chamber containing air at a 
pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure when the tyre is in 
the condition in which it is normally used, but is not subjected to any 
load;

        (b)	capable of being inflated and deflated without removal from the 
wheel or vehicle; and

        (c)	of such construction that when it is deflated and is subjected 
to a normal load, the sides of the tyre collapse;
"poor visibility conditions" (能見度低的情況) has the meaning assigned to it by 
regulation 2(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Control) Regulations (Cap 374 
sub. leg. G);
"positive-ignition engine" (強制點火式引擎) means an engine operating on the otto 
cycle in which a mixture of fuel and air is drawn into cylinders and 
ignited after compression by means of an electric spark applied at a known 
and predetermined moment of the cycle;
"primary emergency exit" (主要緊急出口) means an emergency exit, being an exit 
provided in a single-decked bus or in the lower deck of a double-decked 
bus, of which the dimensions are not less than 1350 millimetres by 500 
millimetres;
"printing" (打印) includes any electronic or mechanical mode of representing 
words in a visible form; (L.N. 148 of 1997)
"rear lamp" (後燈) means a lamp showing to the rear of a vehicle a red light 
visible from a reasonable distance;
"rear marking" (車尾標記) means a rear marking of the type shown in any of the 
diagrams numbered 1 to 5 set out in Part I of the Eleventh Schedule;
"rear platform" (車尾平台) means a platform at the rear of a vehicle from 
which passengers can step directly to the ground through an exit without 
any step intervening;
"receipt printing device" (收據打印設備), in relation to a taxi, means the 
device installed in respect of the taxi in accordance with regulation 42A; 
(L.N. 148 of 1997)
"recut pneumatic tyre" (重切充氣輪胎) means any pneumatic tyre in which an 
existing tread pattern has been cut or burnt deeper or a new tread pattern 
has been cut or burnt except where the pattern is cut entirely in 
additional material added to the tyre for the purpose;
"reflecting area" (反光面積), in relation to a reflector on a vehicle, means 
the area of the orthogonal projection on a vertical plane at right angles 
to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle of that part of the reflector 
designed to reflect light;
"retractable belt" (可回卷安全帶) has the same meaning as in the Road Traffic 
(Safety Equipment) Regulations (Cap 374 sub. leg. F);  (L.N. 147 of 2002)
"reversing lamp" (倒車燈) means a lamp showing to the rear of a vehicle a 
white light for the purpose of reversing;
"rigid vehicle" (整體式車輛) means a motor vehicle which is not constructed or 
adapted to form part of an articulated vehicle;
"safety glass" (安全玻璃) means glass so constructed or treated that if 
fractured it does not fly into fragments capable of causing severe cuts;
"safety glazing" (安全透明物料) means material (other than glass) so constructed 
or treated that if fractured it does not fly into fragments capable of 
causing severe cuts;
"sealed beam lamp" (封閉式大燈) means a lamp unit comprising a reflector 
system, a lens system and one or more electrical filaments, which has been 
sealed in the course of manufacture and which cannot be dismantled without 
rendering the unit unusable as a lamp;
"secondary emergency exit" (備用緊急出口) means an emergency exit, other than a 
primary emergency exit provided in a bus, of which the dimensions are not 
less than 900 millimetres by 500 millimetres;
"side marker lamp" (旁標誌燈) means a lamp required to be carried by a trailer 
by regulation 109 and which shows a white light to the side of the trailer 
through an arc extending a minimum of 70 degrees forward from a line at 
right angles to the longitudinal axis of the trailer and a red light to 
the side through an arc extending a minimum of 70 degrees rearward from 
that line;
"single-decked bus" (單層巴士) means a bus upon which no part of a deck or 
gangway is vertically above another deck or gangway;
"split braking system" (分路式制動系統), in relation to a motor vehicle, means a 
braking system so designed and constructed that-

        (a)	it comprises two independent sections of mechanism capable of 
developing braking force such that, excluding the means of operation, a 
failure of any part (other than a fixed member or a brake shoe anchor pin) 
of one of the said sections shall not cause a decrease in the braking 
force capable of being developed by the other section;

        (b)	the said two sections are operated by a means of operation 
which is common to both sections; and

        (c)	the braking efficiency of either of the said two sections can 
be readily checked;
"stop lamp" (停車燈) means a lamp required to be fitted to a motor vehicle, 
or to a trailer towed by a motor vehicle, for the purpose of warning other 
road users, when the lamp is lit, that the brakes of the motor vehicle or, 
in the case of a trailer, the brakes of the towing vehicle or of the 
combination of vehicles, are being applied;
"stored energy" (儲存能量), in relation to a braking system of a vehicle, 
means energy (other than the muscular energy of the driver or the 
mechanical energy of a spring) stored in a reservoir for the purpose of 
applying the brakes under the control of the driver, either directly or as 
a supplement to his muscular energy;
"straddle carrier" (跨運車) means a motor vehicle constructed to straddle and 
lift its load for the purpose of transportation;
"supplementary main beam" (輔助主光) means a main beam which is emitted by an 
obligatory headlamp which can also emit a dipped beam and which can only 
be used in conjunction with a main beam from another obligatory headlamp 
on the same side of the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal 
axis of the vehicle;
"tangential plane" (切向平面), in relation to sideguard requirements, means 
the vertical plane formed by the external face of the outermost tyre at 
the rear and on the same side as the sideguard;  (L.N. 203 of 1990)
"towing implement" (拖曳機具) means any device on wheels designed for the 
purpose of enabling a motor vehicle to tow another vehicle by the 
attachment of that device to that other vehicle in such a manner that part 
of that other vehicle is secured to and either rests on or is suspended 
from the device and some but not all of the wheels on which that other 
vehicle normally runs are raised off the ground;
"track laying vehicle" (履帶式車輛) means a vehicle that is so designed and 
constructed that its weight is transmitted to the road surface either by 
means of continuous tracks or by a combination of wheels and continuous 
tracks in such circumstances that the weight transmitted to the road 
surface by the tracks is not less than half the weight of the vehicle;
"two-tone horn" (雙音喇叭) means an instrument or apparatus which, when 
operated, automatically produces a sound which alternates at regular 
intervals between 2 fixed notes;
"unladen weight" (淨重量), in relation to a vehicle, means the weight of the 
vehicle inclusive of the body and all parts (the heavier being taken where 
alternative bodies or parts are used) including the weight of water or 
accumulators which are necessary to, or ordinarily used with, the vehicle 
when working on a road, but exclusive of the weight of fuel, loose tools 
and loose equipment in the vehicle;
"unleaded petrol" (無鉛汽油) has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Air 
Pollution Control (Motor Vehicle Fuel) Regulation (Cap 311 sub. leg. L);  
(L.N. 160 of 2000)
"warning instrument" (警報儀器) means any instrument required to be fitted to 
or carried on or in a vehicle for audibly signalling its approach or 
presence;
"wheel" (車輪), in the case of a motor vehicle or trailer, means a wheel the 
tyre or rim of which when the vehicle is in motion on a road is in contact 
with the ground; and any two such wheels shall be treated as one wheel if 
the distance between the centres of the areas of contact between them and 
the road surface is less than 460 millimetres;
"wheel span" (輪距) means the distance between the foremost and rearmost 
axles;
"wide tyre" (寬輪胎) means a pneumatic tyre which has an area of contact with 
the road surface of not less than 300 millimetres in width when measured 
at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
(L.N. 152 of 2007)
"agricultural implement" (農具)
"agricultural tractor" (農業用拖拉機)
"agricultural trailer" (農業用拖車)
"air pollutant" (空氣污染物)
"approval mark" (認可標記)
"articulated vehicle" (掛接車輛)
"Authority" (監督)
"axle weight" (車軸重量)
"braking efficiency" (制動效能)
"close-coupled" (緊耦合)
"combination of vehicles" (組合式車輛)
"compression-ignition engine" (壓燃式引擎)
“1949 Convention” (1949年國際公約)
"deck" (層、車廂地板)
"dipped beam" (低光)
"direction indicator" (轉向指示器)
"double-decked bus" (雙層巴士)
"dual purpose lamp" (雙用途燈)
"emergency exit" (緊急出口)
"engineering plant" (工程裝置)
"entrance" (入口)
"exhaust emission" (排氣污染物)
"exit" (出口)
"extreme rear" (尾端)
"fare receipt" (車費收據)
"fog lamp" (霧燈)
"front corner marker lamp" (前角標誌燈)
"gangway" (過道)
"goods-carrying trailer" (載貨拖車)
"gross combined weight" (組合式車輛總重)
"half-decked bus" (一層半式巴士)
"head restraint" (頭部保護裝置)
"headlamp" (大燈)
"hours of darkness" (黑夜時間)
"illuminated area" (照明面積)
"industrial tractor" (工業用拖拉機)
"internal combustion engine" (內燃引擎)
"international circulation permit" (國際通行許可證)
"land implement" (土地機具)
"land implement conveyor" (土地機具運輪裝置)
"land locomotive" (土地機車)
"land tractor" (土地拖拉機)
"liquefied petroleum gas" (石油氣)
"locomotive" (機車)
"main beam" (主光)
"matched pair of headlamps" (配對大燈)
"matched pair of obligatory headlamps" (配對強制性大燈)
"motor tractor" (機動拖拉機)
"multi-pull means of operation" (多次拉力操作工具)
"new motor vehicle" (新汽車)
"obligatory front lamp" (強制性前燈)
"obligatory headlamp" (強制性大燈)
"obligatory rear lamp" (強制性後燈)
"obligatory reflector" (強制性反光體)
"outermost part" (最外部分)
"overall height" (全高度)
"overall length" (全長度)
"overall width" (全寬度)
"overhang" (懸出量)
"passenger vehicle" (客運車輛)
"pedestrian-controlled vehicle" (徒步控制車輛)
"permanent top" (固定車頂)
"pneumatic tyre" (充氣輪胎)
"poor visibility conditions" (能見度低的情況)
"positive-ignition engine" (強制點火式引擎)
"primary emergency exit" (主要緊急出口)
"printing" (打印)
"rear lamp" (後燈)
"rear marking" (車尾標記)
"rear platform" (車尾平台)
"receipt printing device" (收據打印設備)
"recut pneumatic tyre" (重切充氣輪胎)
"reflecting area" (反光面積)
"retractable belt" (可回卷安全帶)
"reversing lamp" (倒車燈)
"rigid vehicle" (整體式車輛)
"safety glass" (安全玻璃)
"safety glazing" (安全透明物料)
"sealed beam lamp" (封閉式大燈)
"secondary emergency exit" (備用緊急出口)
"side marker lamp" (旁標誌燈)
"single-decked bus" (單層巴士)
"split braking system" (分路式制動系統)
"stop lamp" (停車燈)
"stored energy" (儲存能量)
"straddle carrier" (跨運車)
"supplementary main beam" (輔助主光)
"tangential plane" (切向平面)
"towing implement" (拖曳機具)
"track laying vehicle" (履帶式車輛)
"two-tone horn" (雙音喇叭)
"unladen weight" (淨重量)
"unleaded petrol" (無鉛汽油)
"warning instrument" (警報儀器)
"wheel" (車輪)
"wheel span" (輪距)
"wide tyre" (寬輪胎)


ROAD TRAFFIC (CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF VEHICLES) REGULATIONS,ROAD TRAFFIC (CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF VEHICLES) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 2
Interpretation VerDate:01/12/2007



In these regulations, unless the context otherwise requires-
"agricultural implement" (農具) means an agricultural implement or 
agricultural machine, being in either case a vehicle;
"agricultural tractor" (農業用拖拉機) means a motor vehicle which is designed or 
adapted for use primarily in agriculture and which is not used on a road 
for the conveyance of any goods other than agricultural produce or 
articles required for the purposes of agriculture;
"agricultural trailer" (農業用拖車) means a trailer other than an agricultural 
trailed appliance, which is constructed or adapted for the purpose of 
agriculture, horticulture or forestry and which is only used for one or 
more of those purposes;  (L.N. 203 of 1990)
"air pollutant" (空氣污染物) has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Air 
Pollution Control Ordinance (Cap 311);  (L.N. 160 of 2000)
"articulated vehicle" (掛接車輛) means a motor vehicle with a trailer so 
attached that part of the trailer is superimposed upon the motor vehicle, 
and when the trailer is uniformly loaded a substantial part of the weight 
of the load is borne by the motor vehicle;
"Authority" (監督) has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Air Pollution 
Control Ordinance (Cap 311);  (L.N. 160 of 2000)
"axle weight" (車軸重量), in relation to each axle of a motor vehicle or 
trailer, means the sum of the weights transmitted to the road surface by 
all the wheels of that axle; and in counting the number of axles and in 
determining the sum of the weights transmitted to the road surface by any 
one axle of a vehicle, where the centres of the areas of contact between 
all the wheels and the road surface can be included between any 2 vertical 
planes at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle less than 
one metre apart, those wheels shall be treated as constituting one axle;  
(L.N. 218 of 1984)
"braking efficiency" (制動效能), in relation to the application of brakes to a 
motor vehicle at any time, means the maximum braking force capable of 
being developed by the application of those brakes, expressed as a 
percentage of the gross vehicle weight of the vehicle;
"close-coupled" (緊耦合), in relation to a trailer, means that the wheels on 
the same side of the trailer are so fitted that all times while it is in 
motion they remain parallel to the longitudinal axis of the trailer, and 
that the distance between the centres of their respective areas of contact 
with the road surface does not exceed 850 millimetres;
"combination of vehicles" (組合式車輛) means coupled vehicles which travel on 
the road as a unit;
"compression-ignition engine" (壓燃式引擎) means an engine in which the fuel is 
injected into the cylinders or combustion space of the engine and is there 
ignited during normal running solely by the heat of compression of the 
cylinder charge;
“1949 Convention” (1949年國際公約) means the International Convention relative 
to the international circulation of motor traffic concluded at Geneva on 
19 September 1949;  (L.N. 48 of 2007)
"deck" (層、車廂地板) means a floor or platform of a vehicle upon which seats 
are provided for the accommodation of passengers;
"dipped beam" (低光) means a beam of light emitted by a headlamp carried on 
a vehicle, being a beam which is deflected downwards or both downwards and 
to the left to such an extent that it is at all times incapable of 
dazzling any person who is on the same horizontal plane as the vehicle at 
a greater distance than 8 metres from the headlamp and whose eye-level is 
not less than one metre above that plane;
"direction indicator" (轉向指示器) means a device required to be fitted to a 
motor vehicle or trailer for the purpose of indicating the intention of 
the driver to change the direction of the vehicle to the right or to the 
left;
"double-decked bus" (雙層巴士) means a bus having 2 decks one of which is 
wholly or partly above the other and each deck of which is provided with a 
gangway serving seats on that deck only;
"dual purpose lamp" (雙用途燈) means a lamp combining an obligatory front lamp 
and an obligatory rear lamp;
"emergency exit" (緊急出口) means an exit on a vehicle which is provided for 
use only in case of emergency as required by these regulations;
"engineering plant" (工程裝置) means-

        (a)	movable plant or equipment being a motor vehicle or trailer, 
specially designed and constructed for the purposes of road construction, 
maintenance or marking, or other engineering operations, and which-

        (i)	cannot, owing to the requirements of those purposes, comply in 
all respects with the requirements of these regulations; and

        (ii)	is not constructed primarily to carry a load other than a load 
which is either excavated materials raised from the ground by apparatus on 
the motor vehicle or trailer, or materials which the vehicle or trailer is 
specially designed to use or treat while carried thereon; or

        (b)	a mobile crane which does not comply in all respects with the 
requirements of these regulations;
"entrance" (入口) means any aperture or space provided to enable passengers 
to board a vehicle;
"exhaust emission" (排氣污染物) means any air pollutant emitted from the tail 
pipe of a motor vehicle;  (L.N. 160 of 2000)
"exit" (出口) means any aperture or space provided to enable passengers to 
leave a vehicle;
"extreme rear" (尾端) means the rearmost point for the time being of a 
vehicle or a sidecar, inclusive of any luggage carrier and any tailboard 
or other adjustable part except when the tailboard or adjustable part is 
extended whilst the vehicle is stationary and being loaded or unloaded;
"fare receipt" (車費收據), in relation to a taxi means a receipt within the 
meaning of regulation 49A(1) of the Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) 
Regulations (Cap 374 sub. leg. D) which complies with the requirements of 
that regulation; (L.N. 148 of 1997)
"fog lamp" (霧燈) means a lamp on a motor vehicle which is to be used 
primarily in conditions of fog or mist;
"front corner marker lamp" (前角標誌燈) means a lamp required to be carried by 
a trailer by regulation 108 and which shows a white light to the side and 
front of the trailer through an arc extending 90 degrees forward from a 
line at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the trailer;
"gangway" (過道), in relation to a bus or light bus, means the space 
provided for obtaining access from any entrance to the passengers' seats 
or from any such seat to an exit, other than an emergency exit, but does 
not include a staircase or any space in front of a seat which is required 
only for the use of passengers occupying that seat or that row of seats;
"goods-carrying trailer" (載貨拖車) means a trailer constructed or adapted for 
use for the carriage of goods of any description and which is either-

        (a)	a semi-trailer; or

        (b)	a trailer with 4 or more wheels drawn by a goods vehicle or an 
industrial tractor or land tractor;
"gross combined weight" (組合式車輛總重) means the actual weight transmitted to 
the road surface by all the wheels of a combination of vehicles;
"half-decked bus" (一層半式巴士) means any bus which is neither a single-decked 
bus nor a double-decked bus;
"head restraint" (頭部保護裝置) means a device the function of which is to limit 
the rearward displacement of the head of a seated passenger in relation to 
his torso in order to reduce the danger of injury to the cervical 
vertebrae of the passenger in the event of an accident;  (L.N. 147 of 2002)
"headlamp" (大燈) means a lamp, other than a fog lamp, required to be 
carried by a vehicle and which is designed, when lit, to illuminate the 
road in front of the vehicle;
"hours of darkness" (黑夜時間) has the meaning assigned to it by regulation 
2(1) and (2) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Control) Regulations (Cap 374 
sub. leg. G);
"illuminated area" (照明面積), in relation to a lamp on a vehicle, means the 
area of the orthogonal projection on a vertical plane at right angles to 
the longitudinal axis of the vehicle of that part of the lamp through 
which the light is emitted;
"industrial tractor" (工業用拖拉機) means a motor tractor, other than a  land 
tractor, which-

        (a)	is designed and used primarily for work off roads, or for work 
on roads in connection only with road construction, maintenance or refuse 
collection (including any such motor vehicle when fitted with an implement 
or implements designed primarily for use in connection with such work, 
whether or not any such implement is of itself designed to carry a load); 
and

        (b)	is so constructed as to be incapable of exceeding a speed of 30 
kilometres per hour on the level under its own power;
"internal combustion engine" (內燃引擎) means a compression-ignition engine or 
a positive-ignition engine;
"international circulation permit" (國際通行許可證) has the meaning assigned to 
it by regulation 2 of the Road Traffic (Registration and Licensing of 
Vehicles) Regulations (Cap 374 sub. leg. E);
"land implement" (土地機具) means any implement or machinery used with a land 
locomotive or a land tractor in connexion with agriculture, grass cutting, 
forestry, land levelling, dredging or similar operations and any trailer 
which for the time being carries only the necessary gear or equipment of 
the land locomotive or land tractor which tows it;
"land implement conveyor" (土地機具運輪裝置) means a trailer, having an unladen 
weight not exceeding 510 kilograms, which is specially designed and 
constructed for the conveyance of not more than one land implement and 
which is marked with its unladen weight, has each of its wheels fitted 
with a pneumatic tyre and is towed by a land locomotive or land tractor;
"land locomotive" (土地機車) means a locomotive designed and used primarily 
for work on the land in connection with agriculture, forestry, land 
levelling, dredging or similar operations, which is driven on a road only 
when proceeding to and from the site of such work and which when so driven 
hauls nothing other than land implements or land implement conveyors;
"land tractor" (土地拖拉機) means a motor tractor designed and used primarily 
for work on the land in connection with agriculture, grass cutting, 
forestry, land levelling, dredging or similar operations, which is not 
constructed or adapted itself to carry a load other than-

        (a)	water, fuel, accumulators and other equipment used for the 
purpose of propulsion, loose tools and loose equipment;

        (b)	an implement fitted to the tractor and used for work on the 
land in connection with any agricultural or forestry operations;
"liquefied petroleum gas" (石油氣) has the same meaning as in section 2 of 
the Gas Safety Ordinance (Cap 51);  (L.N. 160 of 2000)
"locomotive" (機車) means a motor vehicle which is not constructed itself to 
carry a load, other than water, fuel, accumulators and other equipment 
used for the purpose of propulsion, loose tools and loose equipment, and 
the unladen weight of which exceeds 8 tonnes;
"main beam" (主光) means a beam of light emitted by a headlamp, being a beam 
which is not a dipped beam;
"matched pair of headlamps" (配對大燈) means a pair of headlamps on a vehicle, 
one on each side of the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal 
axis of the vehicle (disregarding, for the purpose of ascertaining such 
axis, any sidecar attached thereto) which comply with the following 
requirements-

        (a)	each headlamp in the pair is at the same height above the 
ground; and

        (b)	the distance between the centre of each headlamp in the pair 
and the said vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the 
vehicle does not vary by more than 25 millimetres;
"matched pair of obligatory headlamps" (配對強制性大燈) means a matched pair of 
headlamps required to be carried by a vehicle by regulation 96, 97 or 98;
"motor tractor" (機動拖拉機) means a motor vehicle which is not constructed 
itself to carry a load, other than water, fuel, accumulators and other 
equipment used for the purpose of propulsion, loose tools and loose 
equipment and the unladen weight of which does not exceed 8 tonnes;
"multi-pull means of operation" (多次拉力操作工具), in relation to a braking 
system, means a device which causes the muscular energy of the driver to 
apply the brakes of that system progressively as a result of successive 
applications of that device by the driver;
"obligatory front lamp" (強制性前燈) means a lamp, showing to the front of a 
vehicle a white light, required to be carried by regulation 89;
"obligatory headlamp" (強制性大燈) means any headlamp required to be carried by 
a vehicle by regulation 96, 97 or 98;
"obligatory rear lamp" (強制性後燈) means a lamp, capable of showing to the 
rear of a vehicle a red light, required to be carried by regulation 103;  
(L.N. 258 of 1984)
"obligatory reflector" (強制性反光體) means a red reflector required to be 
fitted to a vehicle by regulation 106;
"outermost part" (最外部分), in relation to a vehicle, does not include a 
door, hinged side or other adjustable part of the vehicle when opened or 
extended or a driving mirror or a direction indicator;
"overall height" (全高度) means the height of a vehicle standing on a level 
surface with all tyres inflated to normal pressure, measured vertically 
from such surface to the highest point of such vehicle or of the load on 
such vehicle whichever is the higher;
"overall length" (全長度) means the length of a vehicle measured between 
vertical planes at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle 
and passing through the extreme projecting points thereof exclusive of-

        (a)	any driving mirror;

        (b)	any starting handle;

        (c)	any hood when down;

        (d)	any expanding or extensible contrivance forming part of a 
turntable fire escape fixed to the vehicle; and

        (e)	any front corner marker lamp or side marker lamp,
and in ascertaining the extreme projecting points of a vehicle account 
shall be taken of any device or any receptacle on or attached to the 
vehicle which increases the carrying capacity of the vehicle unless-

        (i)	it is a tailboard which is let down while the vehicle is 
stationary in order to facilitate its loading or unloading;

        (ii)	it is a tailboard which is let down in order to facilitate the 
carriage of, but which is not essential for the support of, loads which 
are in themselves so long as to extend at least as far as the tailboard 
when in the upright position; or

        (iii)	it is a receptacle which is constructed or adapted for the 
purpose of being lifted on or off vehicles with goods contained therein 
and is from time to time actually used for that purpose;
"overall width" (全寬度) means the width of a vehicle measured between 
vertical planes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and 
passing through the extreme projecting points thereof exclusive of-

        (a)	any driving mirror;

        (b)	any direction indicator;

        (c)	so much of the distortion of any tyre as is caused by the 
weight of the vehicle; and

        (d)	any front corner marker lamp or side marker lamp,
and in ascertaining the extreme projecting points of a vehicle account 
shall be taken of any device or any receptacle on or attached to the 
vehicle which increases the carrying capacity of the vehicle unless-

        (i)	it is a sideboard which is let down while the vehicle is 
stationary in order to facilitate its loading or unloading; or

        (ii)	it is a receptacle which is constructed or adapted for the 
purpose of being lifted on or off vehicles with goods contained therein 
and is from time to time actually used for that purpose;
"overhang" (懸出量) means the distance measured horizontally and parallel to 
the longitudinal axis of a vehicle between the vertical planes at right 
angles to that axis passing through the 2 points respectively specified in 
paragraphs (a) and (b) of this definition-

        (a)	the rearmost point of the vehicle exclusive of-

        (i)	any hood when down;

        (ii)	any expanding or extensible contrivance forming part of a 
turntable fire escape fixed to the vehicle;

        (iii)	in the case of a motor vehicle constructed solely for the 
carriage of passengers and their effects and adapted to carry not more 
than 7 passengers, any luggage carrier fitted to the vehicle; and

        (iv)	in the case of a vehicle constructed to tow a trailer, any 
part of the vehicle designed primarily for use as a means of attaching the 
trailer and any fitting designed for use in connection with such part, 
being a part and fitting the total length of which measured parallel to 
the longitudinal axis of the vehicle does not exceed 300 millimetres; and

        (b)	(i)	in the case of a motor vehicle having not more than 
3 axles of which only one is not a steering axle, the centre point of that 
axle;

        (ii)	in the case of a motor vehicle having 3 axles of which the 
front axle is the only steering axle and of a motor vehicle having 4 axles 
of which the 2 foremost are the only steering axles, a point 100 
millimetres to the rear of the centre of a straight line joining the 
centre points of the 2 rearmost axles; and

        (iii)	in any other case, a point situated on the longitudinal axis 
of the vehicle and such that a line drawn from it at right angles to that 
axis will pass through the centre of the minimum turning circle of the 
vehicle;
"passenger vehicle" (客運車輛) means a vehicle constructed solely for the 
carriage of passengers and their effects;
"pedestrian-controlled vehicle" (徒步控制車輛) means a vehicle, other than a 
rickshaw, which is controlled by a pedestrian and not constructed or 
adapted for use or used for the carriage of a driver or passenger;
"permanent top" (固定車頂) means any covering of a vehicle, other than a hood 
made of canvas or other flexible material which is capable of being 
readily folded back so that no portion of such hood or any fixed structure 
of the roof remains vertically above any part of any seat of the vehicle, 
or, in the case of a double-decked bus, of any seat on the upper deck of 
the bus;
"pneumatic tyre" (充氣輪胎) means a tyre which is-

        (a)	provided with a continuous closed chamber containing air at a 
pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure when the tyre is in 
the condition in which it is normally used, but is not subjected to any 
load;

        (b)	capable of being inflated and deflated without removal from the 
wheel or vehicle; and

        (c)	of such construction that when it is deflated and is subjected 
to a normal load, the sides of the tyre collapse;
"poor visibility conditions" (能見度低的情況) has the meaning assigned to it by 
regulation 2(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Control) Regulations (Cap 374 
sub. leg. G);
"positive-ignition engine" (強制點火式引擎) means an engine operating on the otto 
cycle in which a mixture of fuel and air is drawn into cylinders and 
ignited after compression by means of an electric spark applied at a known 
and predetermined moment of the cycle;
"primary emergency exit" (主要緊急出口) means an emergency exit, being an exit 
provided in a single-decked bus or in the lower deck of a double-decked 
bus, of which the dimensions are not less than 1350 millimetres by 500 
millimetres;
"printing" (打印) includes any electronic or mechanical mode of representing 
words in a visible form; (L.N. 148 of 1997)
"rear lamp" (後燈) means a lamp showing to the rear of a vehicle a red light 
visible from a reasonable distance;
"rear marking" (車尾標記) means a rear marking of the type shown in any of the 
diagrams numbered 1 to 5 set out in Part I of the Eleventh Schedule;
"rear platform" (車尾平台) means a platform at the rear of a vehicle from 
which passengers can step directly to the ground through an exit without 
any step intervening;
"receipt printing device" (收據打印設備), in relation to a taxi, means the 
device installed in respect of the taxi in accordance with regulation 42A; 
(L.N. 148 of 1997)
"recut pneumatic tyre" (重切充氣輪胎) means any pneumatic tyre in which an 
existing tread pattern has been cut or burnt deeper or a new tread pattern 
has been cut or burnt except where the pattern is cut entirely in 
additional material added to the tyre for the purpose;
"reflecting area" (反光面積), in relation to a reflector on a vehicle, means 
the area of the orthogonal projection on a vertical plane at right angles 
to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle of that part of the reflector 
designed to reflect light;
"retractable belt" (可回卷安全帶) has the same meaning as in the Road Traffic 
(Safety Equipment) Regulations (Cap 374 sub. leg. F);  (L.N. 147 of 2002)
"reversing lamp" (倒車燈) means a lamp showing to the rear of a vehicle a 
white light for the purpose of reversing;
"rigid vehicle" (整體式車輛) means a motor vehicle which is not constructed or 
adapted to form part of an articulated vehicle;
"safety glass" (安全玻璃) means glass so constructed or treated that if 
fractured it does not fly into fragments capable of causing severe cuts;
"safety glazing" (安全透明物料) means material (other than glass) so constructed 
or treated that if fractured it does not fly into fragments capable of 
causing severe cuts;
"sealed beam lamp" (封閉式大燈) means a lamp unit comprising a reflector 
system, a lens system and one or more electrical filaments, which has been 
sealed in the course of manufacture and which cannot be dismantled without 
rendering the unit unusable as a lamp;
"secondary emergency exit" (備用緊急出口) means an emergency exit, other than a 
primary emergency exit provided in a bus, of which the dimensions are not 
less than 900 millimetres by 500 millimetres;
"side marker lamp" (旁標誌燈) means a lamp required to be carried by a trailer 
by regulation 109 and which shows a white light to the side of the trailer 
through an arc extending a minimum of 70 degrees forward from a line at 
right angles to the longitudinal axis of the trailer and a red light to 
the side through an arc extending a minimum of 70 degrees rearward from 
that line;
"single-decked bus" (單層巴士) means a bus upon which no part of a deck or 
gangway is vertically above another deck or gangway;
"split braking system" (分路式制動系統), in relation to a motor vehicle, means a 
braking system so designed and constructed that-

        (a)	it comprises two independent sections of mechanism capable of 
developing braking force such that, excluding the means of operation, a 
failure of any part (other than a fixed member or a brake shoe anchor pin) 
of one of the said sections shall not cause a decrease in the braking 
force capable of being developed by the other section;

        (b)	the said two sections are operated by a means of operation 
which is common to both sections; and

        (c)	the braking efficiency of either of the said two sections can 
be readily checked;
"stop lamp" (停車燈) means a lamp required to be fitted to a motor vehicle, 
or to a trailer towed by a motor vehicle, for the purpose of warning other 
road users, when the lamp is lit, that the brakes of the motor vehicle or, 
in the case of a trailer, the brakes of the towing vehicle or of the 
combination of vehicles, are being applied;
"stored energy" (儲存能量), in relation to a braking system of a vehicle, 
means energy (other than the muscular energy of the driver or the 
mechanical energy of a spring) stored in a reservoir for the purpose of 
applying the brakes under the control of the driver, either directly or as 
a supplement to his muscular energy;
"straddle carrier" (跨運車) means a motor vehicle constructed to straddle and 
lift its load for the purpose of transportation;
"supplementary main beam" (輔助主光) means a main beam which is emitted by an 
obligatory headlamp which can also emit a dipped beam and which can only 
be used in conjunction with a main beam from another obligatory headlamp 
on the same side of the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal 
axis of the vehicle;
"tangential plane" (切向平面), in relation to sideguard requirements, means 
the vertical plane formed by the external face of the outermost tyre at 
the rear and on the same side as the sideguard;  (L.N. 203 of 1990)
"towing implement" (拖曳機具) means any device on wheels designed for the 
purpose of enabling a motor vehicle to tow another vehicle by the 
attachment of that device to that other vehicle in such a manner that part 
of that other vehicle is secured to and either rests on or is suspended 
from the device and some but not all of the wheels on which that other 
vehicle normally runs are raised off the ground;
"track laying vehicle" (履帶式車輛) means a vehicle that is so designed and 
constructed that its weight is transmitted to the road surface either by 
means of continuous tracks or by a combination of wheels and continuous 
tracks in such circumstances that the weight transmitted to the road 
surface by the tracks is not less than half the weight of the vehicle;
"two-tone horn" (雙音喇叭) means an instrument or apparatus which, when 
operated, automatically produces a sound which alternates at regular 
intervals between 2 fixed notes;
"unladen weight" (淨重量), in relation to a vehicle, means the weight of the 
vehicle inclusive of the body and all parts (the heavier being taken where 
alternative bodies or parts are used) including the weight of water or 
accumulators which are necessary to, or ordinarily used with, the vehicle 
when working on a road, but exclusive of the weight of fuel, loose tools 
and loose equipment in the vehicle;
"unleaded petrol" (無鉛汽油) has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Air 
Pollution Control (Motor Vehicle Fuel) Regulation (Cap 311 sub. leg. L);  
(L.N. 160 of 2000)
"warning instrument" (警報儀器) means any instrument required to be fitted to 
or carried on or in a vehicle for audibly signalling its approach or 
presence;
"wheel" (車輪), in the case of a motor vehicle or trailer, means a wheel the 
tyre or rim of which when the vehicle is in motion on a road is in contact 
with the ground; and any two such wheels shall be treated as one wheel if 
the distance between the centres of the areas of contact between them and 
the road surface is less than 460 millimetres;
"wheel span" (輪距) means the distance between the foremost and rearmost 
axles;
"wide tyre" (寬輪胎) means a pneumatic tyre which has an area of contact with 
the road surface of not less than 300 millimetres in width when measured 
at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
(L.N. 152 of 2007)
"agricultural implement" (農具)
"agricultural tractor" (農業用拖拉機)
"agricultural trailer" (農業用拖車)
"air pollutant" (空氣污染物)
"articulated vehicle" (掛接車輛)
"Authority" (監督)
"axle weight" (車軸重量)
"braking efficiency" (制動效能)
"close-coupled" (緊耦合)
"combination of vehicles" (組合式車輛)
"compression-ignition engine" (壓燃式引擎)
“1949 Convention” (1949年國際公約)
"deck" (層、車廂地板)
"dipped beam" (低光)
"direction indicator" (轉向指示器)
"double-decked bus" (雙層巴士)
"dual purpose lamp" (雙用途燈)
"emergency exit" (緊急出口)
"engineering plant" (工程裝置)
"entrance" (入口)
"exhaust emission" (排氣污染物)
"exit" (出口)
"extreme rear" (尾端)
"fare receipt" (車費收據)
"fog lamp" (霧燈)
"front corner marker lamp" (前角標誌燈)
"gangway" (過道)
"goods-carrying trailer" (載貨拖車)
"gross combined weight" (組合式車輛總重)
"half-decked bus" (一層半式巴士)
"head restraint" (頭部保護裝置)
"headlamp" (大燈)
"hours of darkness" (黑夜時間)
"illuminated area" (照明面積)
"industrial tractor" (工業用拖拉機)
"internal combustion engine" (內燃引擎)
"international circulation permit" (國際通行許可證)
"land implement" (土地機具)
"land implement conveyor" (土地機具運輪裝置)
"land locomotive" (土地機車)
"land tractor" (土地拖拉機)
"liquefied petroleum gas" (石油氣)
"locomotive" (機車)
"main beam" (主光)
"matched pair of headlamps" (配對大燈)
"matched pair of obligatory headlamps" (配對強制性大燈)
"motor tractor" (機動拖拉機)
"multi-pull means of operation" (多次拉力操作工具)
"obligatory front lamp" (強制性前燈)
"obligatory headlamp" (強制性大燈)
"obligatory rear lamp" (強制性後燈)
"obligatory reflector" (強制性反光體)
"outermost part" (最外部分)
"overall height" (全高度)
"overall length" (全長度)
"overall width" (全寬度)
"overhang" (懸出量)
"passenger vehicle" (客運車輛)
"pedestrian-controlled vehicle" (徒步控制車輛)
"permanent top" (固定車頂)
"pneumatic tyre" (充氣輪胎)
"poor visibility conditions" (能見度低的情況)
"positive-ignition engine" (強制點火式引擎)
"primary emergency exit" (主要緊急出口)
"printing" (打印)
"rear lamp" (後燈)
"rear marking" (車尾標記)
"rear platform" (車尾平台)
"receipt printing device" (收據打印設備)
"recut pneumatic tyre" (重切充氣輪胎)
"reflecting area" (反光面積)
"retractable belt" (可回卷安全帶)
"reversing lamp" (倒車燈)
"rigid vehicle" (整體式車輛)
"safety glass" (安全玻璃)
"safety glazing" (安全透明物料)
"sealed beam lamp" (封閉式大燈)
"secondary emergency exit" (備用緊急出口)
"side marker lamp" (旁標誌燈)
"single-decked bus" (單層巴士)
"split braking system" (分路式制動系統)
"stop lamp" (停車燈)
"stored energy" (儲存能量)
"straddle carrier" (跨運車)
"supplementary main beam" (輔助主光)
"tangential plane" (切向平面)
"towing implement" (拖曳機具)
"track laying vehicle" (履帶式車輛)
"two-tone horn" (雙音喇叭)
"unladen weight" (淨重量)
"unleaded petrol" (無鉛汽油)
"warning instrument" (警報儀器)
"wheel" (車輪)
"wheel span" (輪距)
"wide tyre" (寬輪胎)


ROAD TRAFFIC (CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF VEHICLES) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 2
Interpretation VerDate:19/05/2007



"agricultural implement" (農具)
"agricultural tractor" (農業用拖拉機)
"agricultural trailer" (農業用拖車)
"air pollutant" (空氣污染物)
"articulated vehicle" (掛接車輛)
"Authority" (監督)
"axle weight" (車軸重量)
"braking efficiency" (制動效能)
"close-coupled" (緊耦合)
"combination of vehicles" (組合式車輛)
"compression-ignition engine" (壓燃式引擎)
“1949 Convention” (1949年國際公約)
"deck" (層、車廂地板)
"dipped beam" (低光)
"direction indicator" (轉向指示器)
"double-decked bus" (雙層巴士)
"dual purpose lamp" (雙用途燈)
"emergency exit" (緊急出口)
"engineering plant" (工程裝置)
"entrance" (入口)
"exhaust emission" (排氣污染物)
"exit" (出口)
"extreme rear" (尾端)
"fare receipt" (車費收據)
"fog lamp" (霧燈)
"front corner marker lamp" (前角標誌燈)
"gangway" (過道)
"goods-carrying trailer" (載貨拖車)
"gross combined weight" (組合式車輛總重)
"half-decked bus" (一層半式巴士)
"head restraint" (頭部保護裝置)
"headlamp" (大燈)
"hours of darkness" (黑夜時間)
"illuminated area" (照明面積)
"industrial tractor" (工業用拖拉機)
"internal combustion engine" (內燃引擎)
"international circulation permit" (國際通行許可證)
"land implement" (土地機具)
"land implement conveyor" (土地機具運輪裝置)
"land locomotive" (土地機車)
"land tractor" (土地拖拉機)
"liquefied petroleum gas" (石油氣)
"locomotive" (機車)
"main beam" (主光)
"matched pair of headlamps" (配對大燈)
"matched pair of obligatory headlamps" (配對強制性大燈)
"motor tractor" (機動拖拉機)
"multi-pull means of operation" (多次拉力操作工具)
"obligatory front lamp" (強制性前燈)
"obligatory headlamp" (強制性大燈)
"obligatory rear lamp" (強制性後燈)
"obligatory reflector" (強制性反光體)
"outermost part" (最外部分)
"overall height" (全高度)
"overall length" (全長度)
"overall width" (全寬度)
"overhang" (懸出量)
"passenger vehicle" (客運車輛)
"pedestrian-controlled vehicle" (徒步控制車輛)
"permanent top" (固定車頂)
"pneumatic tyre" (充氣輪胎)
"poor visibility conditions" (能見度低的情況)
"positive-ignition engine" (強制點火式引擎)
"primary emergency exit" (主要緊急出口)
"printing" (打印)
"rear lamp" (後燈)
"rear marking" (車尾標記)
"rear platform" (車尾平台)
"receipt printing device" (收據打印設備)
"recut pneumatic tyre" (重切充氣輪胎)
"reflecting area" (反光面積)
"retractable belt" (可回卷安全帶)
"reversing lamp" (倒車燈)
"rigid vehicle" (整體式車輛)
"safety glass" (安全玻璃)
"safety glazing" (安全透明物料)
"sealed beam lamp" (封閉式大燈)
"secondary emergency exit" (備用緊急出口)
"side marker lamp" (旁標誌燈)
"single-decked bus" (單層巴士)
"specified date" (指明日期)
"split braking system" (分路式制動系統)
"stop lamp" (停車燈)
"stored energy" (儲存能量)
"straddle carrier" (跨運車)
"supplementary main beam" (輔助主光)
"tangential plane" (切向平面)
"towing implement" (拖曳機具)
"track laying vehicle" (履帶式車輛)
"two-tone horn" (雙音喇叭)
"unladen weight" (淨重量)
"unleaded petrol" (無鉛汽油)
"warning instrument" (警報儀器)
"wheel" (車輪)
"wheel span" (輪距)
"wide tyre" (寬輪胎)
In these regulations, unless the context otherwise requires-
"agricultural implement" (農具) means an agricultural implement or 
agricultural machine, being in either case a vehicle;
"agricultural tractor" (農業用拖拉機) means a motor vehicle which is designed or 
adapted for use primarily in agriculture and which is not used on a road 
for the conveyance of any goods other than agricultural produce or 
articles required for the purposes of agriculture;
"agricultural trailer" (農業用拖車) means a trailer other than an agricultural 
trailed appliance, which is constructed or adapted for the purpose of 
agriculture, horticulture or forestry and which is only used for one or 
more of those purposes;  (L.N. 203 of 1990)
"air pollutant" (空氣污染物) has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Air 
Pollution Control Ordinance (Cap 311);  (L.N. 160 of 2000)
"articulated vehicle" (掛接車輛) means a motor vehicle with a trailer so 
attached that part of the trailer is superimposed upon the motor vehicle, 
and when the trailer is uniformly loaded a substantial part of the weight 
of the load is borne by the motor vehicle;
"Authority" (監督) has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Air Pollution 
Control Ordinance (Cap 311);  (L.N. 160 of 2000)
"axle weight" (車軸重量), in relation to each axle of a motor vehicle or 
trailer, means the sum of the weights transmitted to the road surface by 
all the wheels of that axle; and in counting the number of axles and in 
determining the sum of the weights transmitted to the road surface by any 
one axle of a vehicle, where the centres of the areas of contact between 
all the wheels and the road surface can be included between any 2 vertical 
planes at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle less than 
one metre apart, those wheels shall be treated as constituting one axle;  
(L.N. 218 of 1984)
"braking efficiency" (制動效能), in relation to the application of brakes to a 
motor vehicle at any time, means the maximum braking force capable of 
being developed by the application of those brakes, expressed as a 
percentage of the gross vehicle weight of the vehicle;
"close-coupled" (緊耦合), in relation to a trailer, means that the wheels on 
the same side of the trailer are so fitted that all times while it is in 
motion they remain parallel to the longitudinal axis of the trailer, and 
that the distance between the centres of their respective areas of contact 
with the road surface does not exceed 850 millimetres;
"combination of vehicles" (組合式車輛) means coupled vehicles which travel on 
the road as a unit;
"compression-ignition engine" (壓燃式引擎) means an engine in which the fuel is 
injected into the cylinders or combustion space of the engine and is there 
ignited during normal running solely by the heat of compression of the 
cylinder charge;
“1949 Convention” (1949年國際公約) means the International Convention relative 
to the international circulation of motor traffic concluded at Geneva on 
19 September 1949;  (L.N. 48 of 2007)
"deck" (層、車廂地板) means a floor or platform of a vehicle upon which seats 
are provided for the accommodation of passengers;
"dipped beam" (低光) means a beam of light emitted by a headlamp carried on 
a vehicle, being a beam which is deflected downwards or both downwards and 
to the left to such an extent that it is at all times incapable of 
dazzling any person who is on the same horizontal plane as the vehicle at 
a greater distance than 8 metres from the headlamp and whose eye-level is 
not less than one metre above that plane;
"direction indicator" (轉向指示器) means a device required to be fitted to a 
motor vehicle or trailer for the purpose of indicating the intention of 
the driver to change the direction of the vehicle to the right or to the 
left;
"double-decked bus" (雙層巴士) means a bus having 2 decks one of which is 
wholly or partly above the other and each deck of which is provided with a 
gangway serving seats on that deck only;
"dual purpose lamp" (雙用途燈) means a lamp combining an obligatory front lamp 
and an obligatory rear lamp;
"emergency exit" (緊急出口) means an exit on a vehicle which is provided for 
use only in case of emergency as required by these regulations;
"engineering plant" (工程裝置) means-

        (a)	movable plant or equipment being a motor vehicle or trailer, 
specially designed and constructed for the purposes of road construction, 
maintenance or marking, or other engineering operations, and which-

        (i)	cannot, owing to the requirements of those purposes, comply in 
all respects with the requirements of these regulations; and

        (ii)	is not constructed primarily to carry a load other than a load 
which is either excavated materials raised from the ground by apparatus on 
the motor vehicle or trailer, or materials which the vehicle or trailer is 
specially designed to use or treat while carried thereon; or

        (b)	a mobile crane which does not comply in all respects with the 
requirements of these regulations;
"entrance" (入口) means any aperture or space provided to enable passengers 
to board a vehicle;
"exhaust emission" (排氣污染物) means any air pollutant emitted from the tail 
pipe of a motor vehicle;  (L.N. 160 of 2000)
"exit" (出口) means any aperture or space provided to enable passengers to 
leave a vehicle;
"extreme rear" (尾端) means the rearmost point for the time being of a 
vehicle or a sidecar, inclusive of any luggage carrier and any tailboard 
or other adjustable part except when the tailboard or adjustable part is 
extended whilst the vehicle is stationary and being loaded or unloaded;
"fare receipt" (車費收據), in relation to a taxi means a receipt within the 
meaning of regulation 49A(1) of the Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) 
Regulations (Cap 374 sub. leg. D) which complies with the requirements of 
that regulation; (L.N. 148 of 1997)
"fog lamp" (霧燈) means a lamp on a motor vehicle which is to be used 
primarily in conditions of fog or mist;
"front corner marker lamp" (前角標誌燈) means a lamp required to be carried by 
a trailer by regulation 108 and which shows a white light to the side and 
front of the trailer through an arc extending 90 degrees forward from a 
line at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the trailer;
"gangway" (過道), in relation to a bus or light bus, means the space 
provided for obtaining access from any entrance to the passengers' seats 
or from any such seat to an exit, other than an emergency exit, but does 
not include a staircase or any space in front of a seat which is required 
only for the use of passengers occupying that seat or that row of seats;
"goods-carrying trailer" (載貨拖車) means a trailer constructed or adapted for 
use for the carriage of goods of any description and which is either-

        (a)	a semi-trailer; or

        (b)	a trailer with 4 or more wheels drawn by a goods vehicle or an 
industrial tractor or land tractor;
"gross combined weight" (組合式車輛總重) means the actual weight transmitted to 
the road surface by all the wheels of a combination of vehicles;
"half-decked bus" (一層半式巴士) means any bus which is neither a single-decked 
bus nor a double-decked bus;
"head restraint" (頭部保護裝置) means a device the function of which is to limit 
the rearward displacement of the head of a seated passenger in relation to 
his torso in order to reduce the danger of injury to the cervical 
vertebrae of the passenger in the event of an accident;  (L.N. 147 of 2002)
"headlamp" (大燈) means a lamp, other than a fog lamp, required to be 
carried by a vehicle and which is designed, when lit, to illuminate the 
road in front of the vehicle;
"hours of darkness" (黑夜時間) has the meaning assigned to it by regulation 
2(1) and (2) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Control) Regulations (Cap 374 
sub. leg. G);
"illuminated area" (照明面積), in relation to a lamp on a vehicle, means the 
area of the orthogonal projection on a vertical plane at right angles to 
the longitudinal axis of the vehicle of that part of the lamp through 
which the light is emitted;
"industrial tractor" (工業用拖拉機) means a motor tractor, other than a  land 
tractor, which-

        (a)	is designed and used primarily for work off roads, or for work 
on roads in connection only with road construction, maintenance or refuse 
collection (including any such motor vehicle when fitted with an implement 
or implements designed primarily for use in connection with such work, 
whether or not any such implement is of itself designed to carry a load); 
and

        (b)	is so constructed as to be incapable of exceeding a speed of 30 
kilometres per hour on the level under its own power;
"internal combustion engine" (內燃引擎) means a compression-ignition engine or 
a positive-ignition engine;
"international circulation permit" (國際通行許可證) has the meaning assigned to 
it by regulation 2 of the Road Traffic (Registration and Licensing of 
Vehicles) Regulations (Cap 374 sub. leg. E);
"land implement" (土地機具) means any implement or machinery used with a land 
locomotive or a land tractor in connexion with agriculture, grass cutting, 
forestry, land levelling, dredging or similar operations and any trailer 
which for the time being carries only the necessary gear or equipment of 
the land locomotive or land tractor which tows it;
"land implement conveyor" (土地機具運輪裝置) means a trailer, having an unladen 
weight not exceeding 510 kilograms, which is specially designed and 
constructed for the conveyance of not more than one land implement and 
which is marked with its unladen weight, has each of its wheels fitted 
with a pneumatic tyre and is towed by a land locomotive or land tractor;
"land locomotive" (土地機車) means a locomotive designed and used primarily 
for work on the land in connection with agriculture, forestry, land 
levelling, dredging or similar operations, which is driven on a road only 
when proceeding to and from the site of such work and which when so driven 
hauls nothing other than land implements or land implement conveyors;
"land tractor" (土地拖拉機) means a motor tractor designed and used primarily 
for work on the land in connection with agriculture, grass cutting, 
forestry, land levelling, dredging or similar operations, which is not 
constructed or adapted itself to carry a load other than-

        (a)	water, fuel, accumulators and other equipment used for the 
purpose of propulsion, loose tools and loose equipment;

        (b)	an implement fitted to the tractor and used for work on the 
land in connection with any agricultural or forestry operations;
"liquefied petroleum gas" (石油氣) has the same meaning as in section 2 of 
the Gas Safety Ordinance (Cap 51);  (L.N. 160 of 2000)
"locomotive" (機車) means a motor vehicle which is not constructed itself to 
carry a load, other than water, fuel, accumulators and other equipment 
used for the purpose of propulsion, loose tools and loose equipment, and 
the unladen weight of which exceeds 8 tonnes;
"main beam" (主光) means a beam of light emitted by a headlamp, being a beam 
which is not a dipped beam;
"matched pair of headlamps" (配對大燈) means a pair of headlamps on a vehicle, 
one on each side of the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal 
axis of the vehicle (disregarding, for the purpose of ascertaining such 
axis, any sidecar attached thereto) which comply with the following 
requirements-

        (a)	each headlamp in the pair is at the same height above the 
ground; and

        (b)	the distance between the centre of each headlamp in the pair 
and the said vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the 
vehicle does not vary by more than 25 millimetres;
"matched pair of obligatory headlamps" (配對強制性大燈) means a matched pair of 
headlamps required to be carried by a vehicle by regulation 96, 97 or 98;
"motor tractor" (機動拖拉機) means a motor vehicle which is not constructed 
itself to carry a load, other than water, fuel, accumulators and other 
equipment used for the purpose of propulsion, loose tools and loose 
equipment and the unladen weight of which does not exceed 8 tonnes;
"multi-pull means of operation" (多次拉力操作工具), in relation to a braking 
system, means a device which causes the muscular energy of the driver to 
apply the brakes of that system progressively as a result of successive 
applications of that device by the driver;
"obligatory front lamp" (強制性前燈) means a lamp, showing to the front of a 
vehicle a white light, required to be carried by regulation 89;
"obligatory headlamp" (強制性大燈) means any headlamp required to be carried by 
a vehicle by regulation 96, 97 or 98;
"obligatory rear lamp" (強制性後燈) means a lamp, capable of showing to the 
rear of a vehicle a red light, required to be carried by regulation 103;  
(L.N. 258 of 1984)
"obligatory reflector" (強制性反光體) means a red reflector required to be 
fitted to a vehicle by regulation 106;
"outermost part" (最外部分), in relation to a vehicle, does not include a 
door, hinged side or other adjustable part of the vehicle when opened or 
extended or a driving mirror or a direction indicator;
"overall height" (全高度) means the height of a vehicle standing on a level 
surface with all tyres inflated to normal pressure, measured vertically 
from such surface to the highest point of such vehicle or of the load on 
such vehicle whichever is the higher;
"overall length" (全長度) means the length of a vehicle measured between 
vertical planes at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle 
and passing through the extreme projecting points thereof exclusive of-

        (a)	any driving mirror;

        (b)	any starting handle;

        (c)	any hood when down;

        (d)	any expanding or extensible contrivance forming part of a 
turntable fire escape fixed to the vehicle; and

        (e)	any front corner marker lamp or side marker lamp,
and in ascertaining the extreme projecting points of a vehicle account 
shall be taken of any device or any receptacle on or attached to the 
vehicle which increases the carrying capacity of the vehicle unless-

        (i)	it is a tailboard which is let down while the vehicle is 
stationary in order to facilitate its loading or unloading;

        (ii)	it is a tailboard which is let down in order to facilitate the 
carriage of, but which is not essential for the support of, loads which 
are in themselves so long as to extend at least as far as the tailboard 
when in the upright position; or

        (iii)	it is a receptacle which is constructed or adapted for the 
purpose of being lifted on or off vehicles with goods contained therein 
and is from time to time actually used for that purpose;
"overall width" (全寬度) means the width of a vehicle measured between 
vertical planes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and 
passing through the extreme projecting points thereof exclusive of-

        (a)	any driving mirror;

        (b)	any direction indicator;

        (c)	so much of the distortion of any tyre as is caused by the 
weight of the vehicle; and

        (d)	any front corner marker lamp or side marker lamp,
and in ascertaining the extreme projecting points of a vehicle account 
shall be taken of any device or any receptacle on or attached to the 
vehicle which increases the carrying capacity of the vehicle unless-

        (i)	it is a sideboard which is let down while the vehicle is 
stationary in order to facilitate its loading or unloading; or

        (ii)	it is a receptacle which is constructed or adapted for the 
purpose of being lifted on or off vehicles with goods contained therein 
and is from time to time actually used for that purpose;
"overhang" (懸出量) means the distance measured horizontally and parallel to 
the longitudinal axis of a vehicle between the vertical planes at right 
angles to that axis passing through the 2 points respectively specified in 
paragraphs (a) and (b) of this definition-

        (a)	the rearmost point of the vehicle exclusive of-

        (i)	any hood when down;

        (ii)	any expanding or extensible contrivance forming part of a 
turntable fire escape fixed to the vehicle;

        (iii)	in the case of a motor vehicle constructed solely for the 
carriage of passengers and their effects and adapted to carry not more 
than 7 passengers, any luggage carrier fitted to the vehicle; and

        (iv)	in the case of a vehicle constructed to tow a trailer, any 
part of the vehicle designed primarily for use as a means of attaching the 
trailer and any fitting designed for use in connection with such part, 
being a part and fitting the total length of which measured parallel to 
the longitudinal axis of the vehicle does not exceed 300 millimetres; and

        (b)	(i)	in the case of a motor vehicle having not more than 
3 axles of which only one is not a steering axle, the centre point of that 
axle;

        (ii)	in the case of a motor vehicle having 3 axles of which the 
front axle is the only steering axle and of a motor vehicle having 4 axles 
of which the 2 foremost are the only steering axles, a point 100 
millimetres to the rear of the centre of a straight line joining the 
centre points of the 2 rearmost axles; and

        (iii)	in any other case, a point situated on the longitudinal axis 
of the vehicle and such that a line drawn from it at right angles to that 
axis will pass through the centre of the minimum turning circle of the 
vehicle;
"passenger vehicle" (客運車輛) means a vehicle constructed solely for the 
carriage of passengers and their effects;
"pedestrian-controlled vehicle" (徒步控制車輛) means a vehicle, other than a 
rickshaw, which is controlled by a pedestrian and not constructed or 
adapted for use or used for the carriage of a driver or passenger;
"permanent top" (固定車頂) means any covering of a vehicle, other than a hood 
made of canvas or other flexible material which is capable of being 
readily folded back so that no portion of such hood or any fixed structure 
of the roof remains vertically above any part of any seat of the vehicle, 
or, in the case of a double-decked bus, of any seat on the upper deck of 
the bus;
"pneumatic tyre" (充氣輪胎) means a tyre which is-

        (a)	provided with a continuous closed chamber containing air at a 
pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure when the tyre is in 
the condition in which it is normally used, but is not subjected to any 
load;

        (b)	capable of being inflated and deflated without removal from the 
wheel or vehicle; and

        (c)	of such construction that when it is deflated and is subjected 
to a normal load, the sides of the tyre collapse;
"poor visibility conditions" (能見度低的情況) has the meaning assigned to it by 
regulation 2(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Control) Regulations (Cap 374 
sub. leg. G);
"positive-ignition engine" (強制點火式引擎) means an engine operating on the otto 
cycle in which a mixture of fuel and air is drawn into cylinders and 
ignited after compression by means of an electric spark applied at a known 
and predetermined moment of the cycle;
"primary emergency exit" (主要緊急出口) means an emergency exit, being an exit 
provided in a single-decked bus or in the lower deck of a double-decked 
bus, of which the dimensions are not less than 1350 millimetres by 500 
millimetres;
"printing" (打印) includes any electronic or mechanical mode of representing 
words in a visible form; (L.N. 148 of 1997)
"rear lamp" (後燈) means a lamp showing to the rear of a vehicle a red light 
visible from a reasonable distance;
"rear marking" (車尾標記) means a rear marking of the type shown in any of the 
diagrams numbered 1 to 5 set out in Part I of the Eleventh Schedule;
"rear platform" (車尾平台) means a platform at the rear of a vehicle from 
which passengers can step directly to the ground through an exit without 
any step intervening;
"receipt printing device" (收據打印設備), in relation to a taxi, means the 
device installed in respect of the taxi in accordance with regulation 42A; 
(L.N. 148 of 1997)
"recut pneumatic tyre" (重切充氣輪胎) means any pneumatic tyre in which an 
existing tread pattern has been cut or burnt deeper or a new tread pattern 
has been cut or burnt except where the pattern is cut entirely in 
additional material added to the tyre for the purpose;
"reflecting area" (反光面積), in relation to a reflector on a vehicle, means 
the area of the orthogonal projection on a vertical plane at right angles 
to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle of that part of the reflector 
designed to reflect light;
"retractable belt" (可回卷安全帶) has the same meaning as in the Road Traffic 
(Safety Equipment) Regulations (Cap 374 sub. leg. F);  (L.N. 147 of 2002)
"reversing lamp" (倒車燈) means a lamp showing to the rear of a vehicle a 
white light for the purpose of reversing;
"rigid vehicle" (整體式車輛) means a motor vehicle which is not constructed or 
adapted to form part of an articulated vehicle;
"safety glass" (安全玻璃) means glass so constructed or treated that if 
fractured it does not fly into fragments capable of causing severe cuts;
"safety glazing" (安全透明物料) means material (other than glass) so constructed 
or treated that if fractured it does not fly into fragments capable of 
causing severe cuts;
"sealed beam lamp" (封閉式大燈) means a lamp unit comprising a reflector 
system, a lens system and one or more electrical filaments, which has been 
sealed in the course of manufacture and which cannot be dismantled without 
rendering the unit unusable as a lamp;
"secondary emergency exit" (備用緊急出口) means an emergency exit, other than a 
primary emergency exit provided in a bus, of which the dimensions are not 
less than 900 millimetres by 500 millimetres;
"side marker lamp" (旁標誌燈) means a lamp required to be carried by a trailer 
by regulation 109 and which shows a white light to the side of the trailer 
through an arc extending a minimum of 70 degrees forward from a line at 
right angles to the longitudinal axis of the trailer and a red light to 
the side through an arc extending a minimum of 70 degrees rearward from 
that line;
"single-decked bus" (單層巴士) means a bus upon which no part of a deck or 
gangway is vertically above another deck or gangway;
"specified date" (指明日期) means the date of commencement* of the Road 
Traffic (Construction and Maintenance of Vehicles) (Amendment) (No. 2) 
Regulation 2002 (L.N. 147 of 2002);  (L.N. 147 of 2002)
"split braking system" (分路式制動系統), in relation to a motor vehicle, means a 
braking system so designed and constructed that-

        (a)	it comprises two independent sections of mechanism capable of 
developing braking force such that, excluding the means of operation, a 
failure of any part (other than a fixed member or a brake shoe anchor pin) 
of one of the said sections shall not cause a decrease in the braking 
force capable of being developed by the other section;

        (b)	the said two sections are operated by a means of operation 
which is common to both sections; and

        (c)	the braking efficiency of either of the said two sections can 
be readily checked;
"stop lamp" (停車燈) means a lamp required to be fitted to a motor vehicle, 
or to a trailer towed by a motor vehicle, for the purpose of warning other 
road users, when the lamp is lit, that the brakes of the motor vehicle or, 
in the case of a trailer, the brakes of the towing vehicle or of the 
combination of vehicles, are being applied;
"stored energy" (儲存能量), in relation to a braking system of a vehicle, 
means energy (other than the muscular energy of the driver or the 
mechanical energy of a spring) stored in a reservoir for the purpose of 
applying the brakes under the control of the driver, either directly or as 
a supplement to his muscular energy;
"straddle carrier" (跨運車) means a motor vehicle constructed to straddle and 
lift its load for the purpose of transportation;
"supplementary main beam" (輔助主光) means a main beam which is emitted by an 
obligatory headlamp which can also emit a dipped beam and which can only 
be used in conjunction with a main beam from another obligatory headlamp 
on the same side of the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal 
axis of the vehicle;
"tangential plane" (切向平面), in relation to sideguard requirements, means 
the vertical plane formed by the external face of the outermost tyre at 
the rear and on the same side as the sideguard;  (L.N. 203 of 1990)
"towing implement" (拖曳機具) means any device on wheels designed for the 
purpose of enabling a motor vehicle to tow another vehicle by the 
attachment of that device to that other vehicle in such a manner that part 
of that other vehicle is secured to and either rests on or is suspended 
from the device and some but not all of the wheels on which that other 
vehicle normally runs are raised off the ground;
"track laying vehicle" (履帶式車輛) means a vehicle that is so designed and 
constructed that its weight is transmitted to the road surface either by 
means of continuous tracks or by a combination of wheels and continuous 
tracks in such circumstances that the weight transmitted to the road 
surface by the tracks is not less than half the weight of the vehicle;
"two-tone horn" (雙音喇叭) means an instrument or apparatus which, when 
operated, automatically produces a sound which alternates at regular 
intervals between 2 fixed notes;
"unladen weight" (淨重量), in relation to a vehicle, means the weight of the 
vehicle inclusive of the body and all parts (the heavier being taken where 
alternative bodies or parts are used) including the weight of water or 
accumulators which are necessary to, or ordinarily used with, the vehicle 
when working on a road, but exclusive of the weight of fuel, loose tools 
and loose equipment in the vehicle;
"unleaded petrol" (無鉛汽油) has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Air 
Pollution Control (Motor Vehicle Fuel) Regulation (Cap 311 sub. leg. L);  
(L.N. 160 of 2000)
"warning instrument" (警報儀器) means any instrument required to be fitted to 
or carried on or in a vehicle for audibly signalling its approach or 
presence;
"wheel" (車輪), in the case of a motor vehicle or trailer, means a wheel the 
tyre or rim of which when the vehicle is in motion on a road is in contact 
with the ground; and any two such wheels shall be treated as one wheel if 
the distance between the centres of the areas of contact between them and 
the road surface is less than 460 millimetres;
"wheel span" (輪距) means the distance between the foremost and rearmost 
axles;
"wide tyre" (寬輪胎) means a pneumatic tyre which has an area of contact with 
the road surface of not less than 300 millimetres in width when measured 
at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
__________________________________________________________________________
Note:
*	Commencement date: 1 August 2004.


ROAD TRAFFIC (CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF VEHICLES) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 2
Interpretation VerDate:01/08/2004



In these regulations, unless the context otherwise requires-
"agricultural implement" (農具) means an agricultural implement or 
agricultural machine, being in either case a vehicle;
"agricultural tractor" (農業用拖拉機) means a motor vehicle which is designed or 
adapted for use primarily in agriculture and which is not used on a road 
for the conveyance of any goods other than agricultural produce or 
articles required for the purposes of agriculture;
"agricultural trailer" (農業用拖車) means a trailer other than an agricultural 
trailed appliance, which is constructed or adapted for the purpose of 
agriculture, horticulture or forestry and which is only used for one or 
more of those purposes;  (L.N. 203 of 1990)
"air pollutant" (空氣污染物) has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Air 
Pollution Control Ordinance (Cap 311);  (L.N. 160 of 2000)
"articulated vehicle" (掛接車輛) means a motor vehicle with a trailer so 
attached that part of the trailer is superimposed upon the motor vehicle, 
and when the trailer is uniformly loaded a substantial part of the weight 
of the load is borne by the motor vehicle;
"Authority" (監督) has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Air Pollution 
Control Ordinance (Cap 311);  (L.N. 160 of 2000)
"axle weight" (車軸重量), in relation to each axle of a motor vehicle or 
trailer, means the sum of the weights transmitted to the road surface by 
all the wheels of that axle; and in counting the number of axles and in 
determining the sum of the weights transmitted to the road surface by any 
one axle of a vehicle, where the centres of the areas of contact between 
all the wheels and the road surface can be included between any 2 vertical 
planes at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle less than 
one metre apart, those wheels shall be treated as constituting one axle;  
(L.N. 218 of 1984)
"braking efficiency" (制動效能), in relation to the application of brakes to a 
motor vehicle at any time, means the maximum braking force capable of 
being developed by the application of those brakes, expressed as a 
percentage of the gross vehicle weight of the vehicle;
"close-coupled" (緊耦合), in relation to a trailer, means that the wheels on 
the same side of the trailer are so fitted that all times while it is in 
motion they remain parallel to the longitudinal axis of the trailer, and 
that the distance between the centres of their respective areas of contact 
with the road surface does not exceed 850 millimetres;
"combination of vehicles" (組合式車輛) means coupled vehicles which travel on 
the road as a unit;
"compression-ignition engine" (壓燃式引擎) means an engine in which the fuel is 
injected into the cylinders or combustion space of the engine and is there 
ignited during normal running solely by the heat of compression of the 
cylinder charge;
"1926 Convention" (1926年國際公約) and "1949 Convention" (1949年國際公約) have the 
meanings assigned to them by regulation 2 of the Road Traffic 
(Registration and Licensing of Vehicles) Regulations (Cap 374 sub. leg. 
E);  (L.N. 258 of 1984)
"deck" (層、車廂地板) means a floor or platform of a vehicle upon which seats 
are provided for the accommodation of passengers;
"dipped beam" (低光) means a beam of light emitted by a headlamp carried on 
a vehicle, being a beam which is deflected downwards or both downwards and 
to the left to such an extent that it is at all times incapable of 
dazzling any person who is on the same horizontal plane as the vehicle at 
a greater distance than 8 metres from the headlamp and whose eye-level is 
not less than one metre above that plane;
"direction indicator" (轉向指示器) means a device required to be fitted to a 
motor vehicle or trailer for the purpose of indicating the intention of 
the driver to change the direction of the vehicle to the right or to the 
left;
"double-decked bus" (雙層巴士) means a bus having 2 decks one of which is 
wholly or partly above the other and each deck of which is provided with a 
gangway serving seats on that deck only;
"dual purpose lamp" (雙用途燈) means a lamp combining an obligatory front lamp 
and an obligatory rear lamp;
"emergency exit" (緊急出口) means an exit on a vehicle which is provided for 
use only in case of emergency as required by these regulations;
"engineering plant" (工程裝置) means-

        (a)	movable plant or equipment being a motor vehicle or trailer, 
specially designed and constructed for the purposes of road construction, 
maintenance or marking, or other engineering operations, and which-

        (i)	cannot, owing to the requirements of those purposes, comply in 
all respects with the requirements of these regulations; and

        (ii)	is not constructed primarily to carry a load other than a load 
which is either excavated materials raised from the ground by apparatus on 
the motor vehicle or trailer, or materials which the vehicle or trailer is 
specially designed to use or treat while carried thereon; or

        (b)	a mobile crane which does not comply in all respects with the 
requirements of these regulations;
"entrance" (入口) means any aperture or space provided to enable passengers 
to board a vehicle;
"exhaust emission" (排氣污染物) means any air pollutant emitted from the tail 
pipe of a motor vehicle;  (L.N. 160 of 2000)
"exit" (出口) means any aperture or space provided to enable passengers to 
leave a vehicle;
"extreme rear" (尾端) means the rearmost point for the time being of a 
vehicle or a sidecar, inclusive of any luggage carrier and any tailboard 
or other adjustable part except when the tailboard or adjustable part is 
extended whilst the vehicle is stationary and being loaded or unloaded;
"fare receipt" (車費收據), in relation to a taxi means a receipt within the 
meaning of regulation 49A(1) of the Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) 
Regulations (Cap 374 sub. leg. D) which complies with the requirements of 
that regulation; (L.N. 148 of 1997)
"fog lamp" (霧燈) means a lamp on a motor vehicle which is to be used 
primarily in conditions of fog or mist;
"front corner marker lamp" (前角標誌燈) means a lamp required to be carried by 
a trailer by regulation 108 and which shows a white light to the side and 
front of the trailer through an arc extending 90 degrees forward from a 
line at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the trailer;
"gangway" (過道), in relation to a bus or light bus, means the space 
provided for obtaining access from any entrance to the passengers' seats 
or from any such seat to an exit, other than an emergency exit, but does 
not include a staircase or any space in front of a seat which is required 
only for the use of passengers occupying that seat or that row of seats;
"goods-carrying trailer" (載貨拖車) means a trailer constructed or adapted for 
use for the carriage of goods of any description and which is either-

        (a)	a semi-trailer; or

        (b)	a trailer with 4 or more wheels drawn by a goods vehicle or an 
industrial tractor or land tractor;
"gross combined weight" (組合式車輛總重) means the actual weight transmitted to 
the road surface by all the wheels of a combination of vehicles;
"half-decked bus" (一層半式巴士) means any bus which is neither a single-decked 
bus nor a double-decked bus;
"head restraint" (頭部保護裝置) means a device the function of which is to limit 
the rearward displacement of the head of a seated passenger in relation to 
his torso in order to reduce the danger of injury to the cervical 
vertebrae of the passenger in the event of an accident;  (L.N. 147 of 2002)
"headlamp" (大燈) means a lamp, other than a fog lamp, required to be 
carried by a vehicle and which is designed, when lit, to illuminate the 
road in front of the vehicle;
"hours of darkness" (黑夜時間) has the meaning assigned to it by regulation 
2(1) and (2) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Control) Regulations (Cap 374 
sub. leg. G);
"illuminated area" (照明面積), in relation to a lamp on a vehicle, means the 
area of the orthogonal projection on a vertical plane at right angles to 
the longitudinal axis of the vehicle of that part of the lamp through 
which the light is emitted;
"industrial tractor" (工業用拖拉機) means a motor tractor, other than a  land 
tractor, which-

        (a)	is designed and used primarily for work off roads, or for work 
on roads in connection only with road construction, maintenance or refuse 
collection (including any such motor vehicle when fitted with an implement 
or implements designed primarily for use in connection with such work, 
whether or not any such implement is of itself designed to carry a load); 
and

        (b)	is so constructed as to be incapable of exceeding a speed of 30 
kilometres per hour on the level under its own power;
"internal combustion engine" (內燃引擎) means a compression-ignition engine or 
a positive-ignition engine;
"international circulation permit" (國際通行許可證) has the meaning assigned to 
it by regulation 2 of the Road Traffic (Registration and Licensing of 
Vehicles) Regulations (Cap 374 sub. leg. E);
"land implement" (土地機具) means any implement or machinery used with a land 
locomotive or a land tractor in connexion with agriculture, grass cutting, 
forestry, land levelling, dredging or similar operations and any trailer 
which for the time being carries only the necessary gear or equipment of 
the land locomotive or land tractor which tows it;
"land implement conveyor" (土地機具運輪裝置) means a trailer, having an unladen 
weight not exceeding 510 kilograms, which is specially designed and 
constructed for the conveyance of not more than one land implement and 
which is marked with its unladen weight, has each of its wheels fitted 
with a pneumatic tyre and is towed by a land locomotive or land tractor;
"land locomotive" (土地機車) means a locomotive designed and used primarily 
for work on the land in connection with agriculture, forestry, land 
levelling, dredging or similar operations, which is driven on a road only 
when proceeding to and from the site of such work and which when so driven 
hauls nothing other than land implements or land implement conveyors;
"land tractor" (土地拖拉機) means a motor tractor designed and used primarily 
for work on the land in connection with agriculture, grass cutting, 
forestry, land levelling, dredging or similar operations, which is not 
constructed or adapted itself to carry a load other than-

        (a)	water, fuel, accumulators and other equipment used for the 
purpose of propulsion, loose tools and loose equipment;

        (b)	an implement fitted to the tractor and used for work on the 
land in connection with any agricultural or forestry operations;
"liquefied petroleum gas" (石油氣) has the same meaning as in section 2 of 
the Gas Safety Ordinance (Cap 51);  (L.N. 160 of 2000)
"locomotive" (機車) means a motor vehicle which is not constructed itself to 
carry a load, other than water, fuel, accumulators and other equipment 
used for the purpose of propulsion, loose tools and loose equipment, and 
the unladen weight of which exceeds 8 tonnes;
"main beam" (主光) means a beam of light emitted by a headlamp, being a beam 
which is not a dipped beam;
"matched pair of headlamps" (配對大燈) means a pair of headlamps on a vehicle, 
one on each side of the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal 
axis of the vehicle (disregarding, for the purpose of ascertaining such 
axis, any sidecar attached thereto) which comply with the following 
requirements-

        (a)	each headlamp in the pair is at the same height above the 
ground; and

        (b)	the distance between the centre of each headlamp in the pair 
and the said vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the 
vehicle does not vary by more than 25 millimetres;
"matched pair of obligatory headlamps" (配對強制性大燈) means a matched pair of 
headlamps required to be carried by a vehicle by regulation 96, 97 or 98;
"motor tractor" (機動拖拉機) means a motor vehicle which is not constructed 
itself to carry a load, other than water, fuel, accumulators and other 
equipment used for the purpose of propulsion, loose tools and loose 
equipment and the unladen weight of which does not exceed 8 tonnes;
"multi-pull means of operation" (多次拉力操作工具), in relation to a braking 
system, means a device which causes the muscular energy of the driver to 
apply the brakes of that system progressively as a result of successive 
applications of that device by the driver;
"obligatory front lamp" (強制性前燈) means a lamp, showing to the front of a 
vehicle a white light, required to be carried by regulation 89;
"obligatory headlamp" (強制性大燈) means any headlamp required to be carried by 
a vehicle by regulation 96, 97 or 98;
"obligatory rear lamp" (強制性後燈) means a lamp, capable of showing to the 
rear of a vehicle a red light, required to be carried by regulation 103;  
(L.N. 258 of 1984)
"obligatory reflector" (強制性反光體) means a red reflector required to be 
fitted to a vehicle by regulation 106;
"outermost part" (最外部分), in relation to a vehicle, does not include a 
door, hinged side or other adjustable part of the vehicle when opened or 
extended or a driving mirror or a direction indicator;
"overall height" (全高度) means the height of a vehicle standing on a level 
surface with all tyres inflated to normal pressure, measured vertically 
from such surface to the highest point of such vehicle or of the load on 
such vehicle whichever is the higher;
"overall length" (全長度) means the length of a vehicle measured between 
vertical planes at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle 
and passing through the extreme projecting points thereof exclusive of-

        (a)	any driving mirror;

        (b)	any starting handle;

        (c)	any hood when down;

        (d)	any expanding or extensible contrivance forming part of a 
turntable fire escape fixed to the vehicle; and

        (e)	any front corner marker lamp or side marker lamp,
and in ascertaining the extreme projecting points of a vehicle account 
shall be taken of any device or any receptacle on or attached to the 
vehicle which increases the carrying capacity of the vehicle unless-

        (i)	it is a tailboard which is let down while the vehicle is 
stationary in order to facilitate its loading or unloading;

        (ii)	it is a tailboard which is let down in order to facilitate the 
carriage of, but which is not essential for the support of, loads which 
are in themselves so long as to extend at least as far as the tailboard 
when in the upright position; or

        (iii)	it is a receptacle which is constructed or adapted for the 
purpose of being lifted on or off vehicles with goods contained therein 
and is from time to time actually used for that purpose;
"overall width" (全寬度) means the width of a vehicle measured between 
vertical planes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and 
passing through the extreme projecting points thereof exclusive of-

        (a)	any driving mirror;

        (b)	any direction indicator;

        (c)	so much of the distortion of any tyre as is caused by the 
weight of the vehicle; and

        (d)	any front corner marker lamp or side marker lamp,
and in ascertaining the extreme projecting points of a vehicle account 
shall be taken of any device or any receptacle on or attached to the 
vehicle which increases the carrying capacity of the vehicle unless-

        (i)	it is a sideboard which is let down while the vehicle is 
stationary in order to facilitate its loading or unloading; or

        (ii)	it is a receptacle which is constructed or adapted for the 
purpose of being lifted on or off vehicles with goods contained therein 
and is from time to time actually used for that purpose;
"overhang" (懸出量) means the distance measured horizontally and parallel to 
the longitudinal axis of a vehicle between the vertical planes at right 
angles to that axis passing through the 2 points respectively specified in 
paragraphs (a) and (b) of this definition-

        (a)	the rearmost point of the vehicle exclusive of-

        (i)	any hood when down;

        (ii)	any expanding or extensible contrivance forming part of a 
turntable fire escape fixed to the vehicle;

        (iii)	in the case of a motor vehicle constructed solely for the 
carriage of passengers and their effects and adapted to carry not more 
than 7 passengers, any luggage carrier fitted to the vehicle; and

        (iv)	in the case of a vehicle constructed to tow a trailer, any 
part of the vehicle designed primarily for use as a means of attaching the 
trailer and any fitting designed for use in connection with such part, 
being a part and fitting the total length of which measured parallel to 
the longitudinal axis of the vehicle does not exceed 300 millimetres; and

        (b)	(i)	in the case of a motor vehicle having not more than 
3 axles of which only one is not a steering axle, the centre point of that 
axle;

        (ii)	in the case of a motor vehicle having 3 axles of which the 
front axle is the only steering axle and of a motor vehicle having 4 axles 
of which the 2 foremost are the only steering axles, a point 100 
millimetres to the rear of the centre of a straight line joining the 
centre points of the 2 rearmost axles; and

        (iii)	in any other case, a point situated on the longitudinal axis 
of the vehicle and such that a line drawn from it at right angles to that 
axis will pass through the centre of the minimum turning circle of the 
vehicle;
"passenger vehicle" (客運車輛) means a vehicle constructed solely for the 
carriage of passengers and their effects;
"pedestrian-controlled vehicle" (徒步控制車輛) means a vehicle, other than a 
rickshaw, which is controlled by a pedestrian and not constructed or 
adapted for use or used for the carriage of a driver or passenger;
"permanent top" (固定車頂) means any covering of a vehicle, other than a hood 
made of canvas or other flexible material which is capable of being 
readily folded back so that no portion of such hood or any fixed structure 
of the roof remains vertically above any part of any seat of the vehicle, 
or, in the case of a double-decked bus, of any seat on the upper deck of 
the bus;
"pneumatic tyre" (充氣輪胎) means a tyre which is-

        (a)	provided with a continuous closed chamber containing air at a 
pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure when the tyre is in 
the condition in which it is normally used, but is not subjected to any 
load;

        (b)	capable of being inflated and deflated without removal from the 
wheel or vehicle; and

        (c)	of such construction that when it is deflated and is subjected 
to a normal load, the sides of the tyre collapse;
"poor visibility conditions" (能見度低的情況) has the meaning assigned to it by 
regulation 2(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Control) Regulations (Cap 374 
sub. leg. G);
"positive-ignition engine" (強制點火式引擎) means an engine operating on the otto 
cycle in which a mixture of fuel and air is drawn into cylinders and 
ignited after compression by means of an electric spark applied at a known 
and predetermined moment of the cycle;
"primary emergency exit" (主要緊急出口) means an emergency exit, being an exit 
provided in a single-decked bus or in the lower deck of a double-decked 
bus, of which the dimensions are not less than 1350 millimetres by 500 
millimetres;
"printing" (打印) includes any electronic or mechanical mode of representing 
words in a visible form; (L.N. 148 of 1997)
"rear lamp" (後燈) means a lamp showing to the rear of a vehicle a red light 
visible from a reasonable distance;
"rear marking" (車尾標記) means a rear marking of the type shown in any of the 
diagrams numbered 1 to 5 set out in Part I of the Eleventh Schedule;
"rear platform" (車尾平台) means a platform at the rear of a vehicle from 
which passengers can step directly to the ground through an exit without 
any step intervening;
"receipt printing device" (收據打印設備), in relation to a taxi, means the 
device installed in respect of the taxi in accordance with regulation 42A; 
(L.N. 148 of 1997)
"recut pneumatic tyre" (重切充氣輪胎) means any pneumatic tyre in which an 
existing tread pattern has been cut or burnt deeper or a new tread pattern 
has been cut or burnt except where the pattern is cut entirely in 
additional material added to the tyre for the purpose;
"reflecting area" (反光面積), in relation to a reflector on a vehicle, means 
the area of the orthogonal projection on a vertical plane at right angles 
to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle of that part of the reflector 
designed to reflect light;
"retractable belt" (可回卷安全帶) has the same meaning as in the Road Traffic 
(Safety Equipment) Regulations (Cap 374 sub. leg. F);  (L.N. 147 of 2002)
"reversing lamp" (倒車燈) means a lamp showing to the rear of a vehicle a 
white light for the purpose of reversing;
"rigid vehicle" (整體式車輛) means a motor vehicle which is not constructed or 
adapted to form part of an articulated vehicle;
"safety glass" (安全玻璃) means glass so constructed or treated that if 
fractured it does not fly into fragments capable of causing severe cuts;
"safety glazing" (安全透明物料) means material (other than glass) so constructed 
or treated that if fractured it does not fly into fragments capable of 
causing severe cuts;
"sealed beam lamp" (封閉式大燈) means a lamp unit comprising a reflector 
system, a lens system and one or more electrical filaments, which has been 
sealed in the course of manufacture and which cannot be dismantled without 
rendering the unit unusable as a lamp;
"secondary emergency exit" (備用緊急出口) means an emergency exit, other than a 
primary emergency exit provided in a bus, of which the dimensions are not 
less than 900 millimetres by 500 millimetres;
"side marker lamp" (旁標誌燈) means a lamp required to be carried by a trailer 
by regulation 109 and which shows a white light to the side of the trailer 
through an arc extending a minimum of 70 degrees forward from a line at 
right angles to the longitudinal axis of the trailer and a red light to 
the side through an arc extending a minimum of 70 degrees rearward from 
that line;
"single-decked bus" (單層巴士) means a bus upon which no part of a deck or 
gangway is vertically above another deck or gangway;
"specified date" (指明日期) means the date of commencement* of the Road 
Traffic (Construction and Maintenance of Vehicles) (Amendment) (No. 2) 
Regulation 2002 (L.N. 147 of 2002);  (L.N. 147 of 2002)
"split braking system" (分路式制動系統), in relation to a motor vehicle, means a 
braking system so designed and constructed that-

        (a)	it comprises two independent sections of mechanism capable of 
developing braking force such that, excluding the means of operation, a 
failure of any part (other than a fixed member or a brake shoe anchor pin) 
of one of the said sections shall not cause a decrease in the braking 
force capable of being developed by the other section;

        (b)	the said two sections are operated by a means of operation 
which is common to both sections; and

        (c)	the braking efficiency of either of the said two sections can 
be readily checked;
"stop lamp" (停車燈) means a lamp required to be fitted to a motor vehicle, 
or to a trailer towed by a motor vehicle, for the purpose of warning other 
road users, when the lamp is lit, that the brakes of the motor vehicle or, 
in the case of a trailer, the brakes of the towing vehicle or of the 
combination of vehicles, are being applied;
"stored energy" (儲存能量), in relation to a braking system of a vehicle, 
means energy (other than the muscular energy of the driver or the 
mechanical energy of a spring) stored in a reservoir for the purpose of 
applying the brakes under the control of the driver, either directly or as 
a supplement to his muscular energy;
"straddle carrier" (跨運車) means a motor vehicle constructed to straddle and 
lift its load for the purpose of transportation;
"supplementary main beam" (輔助主光) means a main beam which is emitted by an 
obligatory headlamp which can also emit a dipped beam and which can only 
be used in conjunction with a main beam from another obligatory headlamp 
on the same side of the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal 
axis of the vehicle;
"tangential plane" (切向平面), in relation to sideguard requirements, means 
the vertical plane formed by the external face of the outermost tyre at 
the rear and on the same side as the sideguard;  (L.N. 203 of 1990)
"towing implement" (拖曳機具) means any device on wheels designed for the 
purpose of enabling a motor vehicle to tow another vehicle by the 
attachment of that device to that other vehicle in such a manner that part 
of that other vehicle is secured to and either rests on or is suspended 
from the device and some but not all of the wheels on which that other 
vehicle normally runs are raised off the ground;
"track laying vehicle" (履帶式車輛) means a vehicle that is so designed and 
constructed that its weight is transmitted to the road surface either by 
means of continuous tracks or by a combination of wheels and continuous 
tracks in such circumstances that the weight transmitted to the road 
surface by the tracks is not less than half the weight of the vehicle;
"two-tone horn" (雙音喇叭) means an instrument or apparatus which, when 
operated, automatically produces a sound which alternates at regular 
intervals between 2 fixed notes;
"unladen weight" (淨重量), in relation to a vehicle, means the weight of the 
vehicle inclusive of the body and all parts (the heavier being taken where 
alternative bodies or parts are used) including the weight of water or 
accumulators which are necessary to, or ordinarily used with, the vehicle 
when working on a road, but exclusive of the weight of fuel, loose tools 
and loose equipment in the vehicle;
"unleaded petrol" (無鉛汽油) has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Air 
Pollution Control (Motor Vehicle Fuel) Regulation (Cap 311 sub. leg. L);  
(L.N. 160 of 2000)
"warning instrument" (警報儀器) means any instrument required to be fitted to 
or carried on or in a vehicle for audibly signalling its approach or 
presence;
"wheel" (車輪), in the case of a motor vehicle or trailer, means a wheel the 
tyre or rim of which when the vehicle is in motion on a road is in contact 
with the ground; and any two such wheels shall be treated as one wheel if 
the distance between the centres of the areas of contact between them and 
the road surface is less than 460 millimetres;
"wheel span" (輪距) means the distance between the foremost and rearmost 
axles;
"wide tyre" (寬輪胎) means a pneumatic tyre which has an area of contact with 
the road surface of not less than 300 millimetres in width when measured 
at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
__________________________________________________________________________
Note:
*	Commencement date: 1 August 2004.
"agricultural implement" (農具)
"agricultural tractor" (農業用拖拉機)
"agricultural trailer" (農業用拖車)
"air pollutant" (空氣污染物)
"articulated vehicle" (掛接車輛)
"Authority" (監督)
"axle weight" (車軸重量)
"braking efficiency" (制動效能)
"close-coupled" (緊耦合)
"combination of vehicles" (組合式車輛)
"compression-ignition engine" (壓燃式引擎)
"1926 Convention" (1926年國際公約) and "1949 Convention" (1949年國際公約)
"deck" (層、車廂地板)
"dipped beam" (低光)
"direction indicator" (轉向指示器)
"double-decked bus" (雙層巴士)
"dual purpose lamp" (雙用途燈)
"emergency exit" (緊急出口)
"engineering plant" (工程裝置)
"entrance" (入口)
"exhaust emission" (排氣污染物)
"exit" (出口)
"extreme rear" (尾端)
"fare receipt" (車費收據)
"fog lamp" (霧燈)
"front corner marker lamp" (前角標誌燈)
"gangway" (過道)
"goods-carrying trailer" (載貨拖車)
"gross combined weight" (組合式車輛總重)
"half-decked bus" (一層半式巴士)
"head restraint" (頭部保護裝置)
"headlamp" (大燈)
"hours of darkness" (黑夜時間)
"illuminated area" (照明面積)
"industrial tractor" (工業用拖拉機)
"internal combustion engine" (內燃引擎)
"international circulation permit" (國際通行許可證)
"land implement" (土地機具)
"land implement conveyor" (土地機具運輪裝置)
"land locomotive" (土地機車)
"land tractor" (土地拖拉機)
"liquefied petroleum gas" (石油氣)
"locomotive" (機車)
"main beam" (主光)
"matched pair of headlamps" (配對大燈)
"matched pair of obligatory headlamps" (配對強制性大燈)
"motor tractor" (機動拖拉機)
"multi-pull means of operation" (多次拉力操作工具)
"obligatory front lamp" (強制性前燈)
"obligatory headlamp" (強制性大燈)
"obligatory rear lamp" (強制性後燈)
"obligatory reflector" (強制性反光體)
"outermost part" (最外部分)
"overall height" (全高度)
"overall length" (全長度)
"overall width" (全寬度)
"overhang" (懸出量)
"passenger vehicle" (客運車輛)
"pedestrian-controlled vehicle" (徒步控制車輛)
"permanent top" (固定車頂)
"pneumatic tyre" (充氣輪胎)
"poor visibility conditions" (能見度低的情況)
"positive-ignition engine" (強制點火式引擎)
"primary emergency exit" (主要緊急出口)
"printing" (打印)
"rear lamp" (後燈)
"rear marking" (車尾標記)
"rear platform" (車尾平台)
"receipt printing device" (收據打印設備)
"recut pneumatic tyre" (重切充氣輪胎)
"reflecting area" (反光面積)
"retractable belt" (可回卷安全帶)
"reversing lamp" (倒車燈)
"rigid vehicle" (整體式車輛)
"safety glass" (安全玻璃)
"safety glazing" (安全透明物料)
"sealed beam lamp" (封閉式大燈)
"secondary emergency exit" (備用緊急出口)
"side marker lamp" (旁標誌燈)
"single-decked bus" (單層巴士)
"specified date" (指明日期)
"split braking system" (分路式制動系統)
"stop lamp" (停車燈)
"stored energy" (儲存能量)
"straddle carrier" (跨運車)
"supplementary main beam" (輔助主光)
"tangential plane" (切向平面)
"towing implement" (拖曳機具)
"track laying vehicle" (履帶式車輛)
"two-tone horn" (雙音喇叭)
"unladen weight" (淨重量)
"unleaded petrol" (無鉛汽油)
"warning instrument" (警報儀器)
"wheel" (車輪)
"wheel span" (輪距)
"wide tyre" (寬輪胎)


ROAD TRAFFIC (CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF VEHICLES) REGULATIONS - REGULATION 2
Interpretation VerDate:01/11/2000



In these regulations, unless the context otherwise requires-
"agricultural implement" (農具) means an agricultural implement or 
agricultural machine, being in either case a vehicle;
"agricultural tractor" (農業用拖拉機) means a motor vehicle which is designed or 
adapted for use primarily in agriculture and which is not used on a road 
for the conveyance of any goods other than agricultural produce or 
articles required for the purposes of agriculture;
"agricultural trailer" (農業用拖車) means a trailer other than an agricultural 
trailed appliance, which is constructed or adapted for the purpose of 
agriculture, horticulture or forestry and which is only used for one or 
more of those purposes;  (L.N. 203 of 1990)
"air pollutant" (空氣污染物) has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Air 
Pollution Control Ordinance (Cap 311);  (L.N. 160 of 2000)
"articulated vehicle" (掛接車輛) means a motor vehicle with a trailer so 
attached that part of the trailer is superimposed upon the motor vehicle, 
and when the trailer is uniformly loaded a substantial part of the weight 
of the load is borne by the motor vehicle;
"Authority" (監督) has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Air Pollution 
Control Ordinance (Cap 311);  (L.N. 160 of 2000)
"axle weight" (車軸重量), in relation to each axle of a motor vehicle or 
trailer, means the sum of the weights transmitted to the road surface by 
all the wheels of that axle; and in counting the number of axles and in 
determining the sum of the weights transmitted to the road surface by any 
one axle of a vehicle, where the centres of the areas of contact between 
all the wheels and the road surface can be included between any 2 vertical 
planes at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle less than 
one metre apart, those wheels shall be treated as constituting one axle;  
(L.N. 218 of 1984)
"braking efficiency" (制動效能), in relation to the application of brakes to a 
motor vehicle at any time, means the maximum braking force capable of 
being developed by the application of those brakes, expressed as a 
percentage of the gross vehicle weight of the vehicle;
"close-coupled" (緊耦合), in relation to a trailer, means that the wheels on 
the same side of the trailer are so fitted that all times while it is in 
motion they remain parallel to the longitudinal axis of the trailer, and 
that the distance between the centres of their respective areas of contact 
with the road surface does not exceed 850 millimetres;
"combination of vehicles" (組合式車輛) means coupled vehicles which travel on 
the road as a unit;
"compression-ignition engine" (壓燃式引擎) means an engine in which the fuel is 
injected into the cylinders or combustion space of the engine and is there 
ignited during normal running solely by the heat of compression of the 
cylinder charge;
"1926 Convention" (1926年國際公約) and "1949 Convention" (1949年國際公約) have the 
meanings assigned to them by regulation 2 of the Road Traffic 
(Registration and Licensing of Vehicles) Regulations (Cap. 374 sub. leg. 
E);  (L.N. 258 of 1984)
"deck" (層、車廂地板) means a floor or platform of a vehicle upon which seats 
are provided for the accommodation of passengers;
"dipped beam" (低光) means a beam of light emitted by a headlamp carried on 
a vehicle, being a beam which is deflected downwards or both downwards and 
to the left to such an extent that it is at all times incapable of 
dazzling any person who is on the same horizontal plane as the vehicle at 
a greater distance than 8 metres from the headlamp and whose eye-level is 
not less than one metre above that plane;
"direction indicator" (轉向指示器) means a device required to be fitted to a 
motor vehicle or trailer for the purpose of indicating the intention of 
the driver to change the direction of the vehicle to the right or to the 
left;
"double-decked bus" (雙層巴士) means a bus having 2 decks one of which is 
wholly or partly above the other and each deck of which is provided with a 
gangway serving seats on that deck only;
"dual purpose lamp" (雙用途燈) means a lamp combining an obligatory front lamp 
and an obligatory rear lamp;
"emergency exit" (緊急出口) means an exit on a vehicle which is provided for 
use only in case of emergency as required by these regulations;
"engineering plant" (工程裝置) means-

        (a)	movable plant or equipment being a motor vehicle or trailer, 
specially designed and constructed for the purposes of road construction, 
maintenance or marking, or other engineering operations, and which-

        (i)	cannot, owing to the requirements of those purposes, comply in 
all respects with the requirements of these regulations; and

        (ii)	is not constructed primarily to carry a load other than a load 
which is either excavated materials raised from the ground by apparatus on