Hong Kong Regulations

BANKING (CAPITAL) RULES - SECT 2

Interpretation

(1) In these Rules, unless the context otherwise requires—

"alternative standardized approach" (替代標準計算法) means the method
of calculating an authorized institution's operational risk set out in
Division 4 of Part 9;

"ASA approach" (ASA 計算法) means the alternative standardized approach;

"asset sale with recourse" (有追索權的資產出售), in relation to an
authorized institution, means an asset sale transaction where the credit risk
of the asset sold remains with the institution because the purchaser of the
asset is entitled to sell the asset back to the institution within a specified
period, or under specified circumstances, under the terms of the transaction;

"back-testing" (回溯測試), in relation to the use of an internal model by
an authorized institution, means a process whereby the daily changes in the
value of a portfolio of exposures of the institution are compared with the
daily VaR generated from the institution's internal model applicable to that
portfolio;

"bank" (銀行) means—

   (a)  an authorized institution except an authorized institution the
        authorization of which is for the time being suspended under section
        24 or 25 of the Ordinance; or

   (b)  a bank incorporated outside Hong Kong which is not an authorized
        institution except such a bank—

        (i)    which, in the opinion of the Monetary Authority, is not
               adequately supervised by the relevant banking supervisory
               authority; or

        (ii)   the licence or other authorization of which to carry on banking
               business is for the time being suspended;

"banking book" (銀行帳), in relation to an authorized institution, means
all the institution's on-balance sheet exposures and off-balance sheet
exposures except such exposures which fall within the definition of

"trading book" in this section;

"basic approach" (基本計算法) means the method of calculating an
authorized institution's credit risk for non-securitization exposures set out
in Part 5;

"basic indicator approach" (基本指標計算法) means the method of
calculating an authorized institution's operational risk set out in Division 2
of Part 9;

"BIA approach" (BIA 計算法) means the basic indicator approach;

"bond" (債券) means an interest-bearing or zero-coupon debt security—

   (a)  which is an acknowledgment of a debt promising payment of a specified
        sum to the holder of the debt security; and

   (b)  which describes a time to maturity which is, or will become, definite;

"BSC approach" (BSC 計算法) means the basic approach;

"business day" (營業日), in relation to a country, means any day other
than—

   (a)  a public holiday in that country; or

   (b)  a day on which the financial markets are not generally open for
        business in that country;

"calendar quarter" (季度) means a period of 3 consecutive calendar months
ending on a calendar quarter end date;

"calendar quarter end date" (季度終結日) means the last day of March,
June, September or December;

"capital charge" (資本要求), in relation to an authorized institution,
means an amount of regulatory capital which the institution is required to
hold for an exposure to a relevant risk which, if multiplied by 12.5, becomes
the risk-weighted amount of that exposure for that risk; "CCF" means a
credit conversion factor;

"clean-up call" (結清權) has the meaning assigned to it by section 227(1);

"collective investment scheme" (集體投資計劃)—

   (a)  subject to paragraph (b), has the meaning assigned to it by Part 1 of
        Schedule 1 to the Securities and Futures Ordinance ( Cap 571);

   (b)  does not include a restricted collective investment scheme;

"collective provisions" (集體準備金), in relation to the exposures of an
authorized institution, means an allowance for impairment loss in respect of a
group of exposures considered by the institution as having similar credit risk
characteristics which are indicative of the debtors’ ability to pay all
amounts due according to the contractual terms of the group of exposures,
where the impairment loss has been assessed by the institution on a collective
basis in respect of the group of exposures by reference to historical loss
experience in respect of exposures with similar credit  risk characteristics,
relevant observable data reflecting current market conditions and other
relevant factors; (L.N. 267 of 2006)

"commodity" (商品) means any precious metal (other than gold), base metal,
non-precious metal, energy, agricultural asset or any other physical product
which is traded on an exchange;

"commodity-related derivative contract" (商品關聯衍生工具合約) has
the meaning assigned to it by section 281;

"comprehensive approach" (全面方法) has the meaning assigned to it by
section  51 ;

"confidence interval" (置信區間) means a statistical range with a
specified probability that a given parameter lies within the range;

"consolidated basis" (綜合基礎) has the meaning assigned to it by
section 4;

"consolidation group" (綜合集團) has the meaning assigned to it by
section 4;

"core capital" (核心資本) has the meaning assigned to it by section 35;

"counter-guarantee" (反擔保), in relation to an authorized institution,
means a guarantee (or other undertaking) given by one party for the payment of
money by a guarantor upon the guarantor being required to make payment under
the terms of a guarantee given by the guarantor to the institution in relation
to the exposure of the institution to a third party;

"country" (國家) includes—

   (a)  subject to paragraph (b), any part of a country; and

   (b)  any jurisdiction except a restricted jurisdiction;

"credit conversion factor" (信貸換算因數), in relation to an off-balance
sheet exposure of an authorized institution, means a percentage by which the
principal amount (within the meaning of section 51, 105, 139(1) or 227(1), as
the case requires) of the exposure is multiplied as a part of the process for
determining the credit equivalent amount (within the meaning of section 51,
105, 139(1) or 227(1), as the case requires) of the exposure;

"credit default swap" (信用違責掉期) means a credit derivative contract
under which the protection buyer pays a fee to the protection seller in return
for a payment by the protection seller in the event of a default (or similar
credit event) by a reference entity;

"credit derivative contract" (信用衍生工具合約) means a
forward contract, swap  contract, option contract or similar
derivative contract entered into by 2 parties with the intention to transfer
credit risk in relation to a
reference obligation from one party ("protection buyer") to the other
party ("protection seller");

"credit enhancement" (信用提升) has the meaning assigned to it by section 
227 (1);

"credit event" (信用事件), in relation to a credit derivative contract,
means an event specified in the contract which, if it occurs, obliges the
protection seller to make a payment to the protection buyer;

"credit-linked note" (信用掛鈎票據) means a form of structured note with
an embedded credit default swap which allows the issuer of the note
("protection buyer") to transfer credit risk to the buyer of the note
("protection seller");

"credit protection" (信用保障), in relation to an exposure of an
authorized institution, means the protection afforded to the exposure by
recognized  credit risk mitigation;

"credit protection provider" (信用保障提供者)—

   (a)  in relation to a guarantee which constitutes credit protection, means
        the guarantor under the guarantee; or

   (b)  in relation to a credit derivative contract which constitutes
        credit protection, means the protection seller under the contract;

"credit quality grade" (信用質素等級) means a grade represented by a
numeral to which an ECAI rating is mapped for determining the appropriate
risk-weight for an exposure of an authorized institution;

"credit risk" (信用風險), in relation to an authorized institution, means
the institution's credit risk as referred to in paragraph (a) of the
definition of "capital adequacy ratio" in section 2(1) of the Ordinance;

"credit risk components" (信用風險組成部分) has the meaning assigned
to it by section 139(1);

"currency mismatch" (貨幣錯配), in relation to an exposure of an
authorized institution—

   (a)  subject to paragraph (b), means that the exposure and the
        credit protection afforded to the exposure are denominated in
        different currencies;

   (b)  does not include a case in which the institution has, in respect of
        the exposure, entered into a hedging agreement and, under that
        agreement, the risk of foreign exchange loss to the institution
        arising from the fact that the exposure and the credit protection
        afforded to the exposure are denominated in different currencies is
        eliminated;

"current exposure" (現行風險承擔), in relation to an off-balance sheet
exposure of an authorized institution which is an OTC derivative transaction

        (referred to in this definition as "existing transaction") or credit 
derivative contract (referred to in this definition as "existing contract"),
means the replacement cost—

   (a)  which would be incurred by the institution if it were required to
        enter into another OTC derivative transaction or credit derivative 
        contract, as the case may be, to replace the existing transaction or
        existing contract, as the case may be, with another counterparty with
        substantially the same economic consequences for the institution; and

   (b)  which is calculated by marking-to-market the existing  transaction or
        existing contract, as the case may be, and—

        (i)    if the resultant value is positive for the institution, taking
               the resultant value of the existing transaction or
               existing contract, as the case may be;

        (ii)   if the resultant value is negative for the institution, taking
               the resultant value of the existing transaction or
               existing contract, as the case may be, as zero;

"debt-related derivative contract" (債務關聯衍生工具合約) has the
meaning assigned to it by section 281;

"debt security contract" (債務證券合約) means a forward contract,
swap contract, option contract or similar derivative contract the value of
which is determined by reference to the value of, or any fluctuation in the
value of, one or more than one underlying debt security or underlying debt
security index (being an index calculated by reference to a basket of debt
securities);

"delivery-versus-payment basis" (貨銀對付形式), in relation to a
transaction, means the delivery of a thing under the transaction and the
payment for the thing occur simultaneously;

"derivative contract" (衍生工具合約)—

   (a)  means a financial instrument (other than a bond, loan, share, note or
        structured financial instrument) the value of which is determined by
        reference to the value of, or any fluctuation in the value of, one or
        more than one underlying asset, index, financial instrument, rate or
        thing as designated in the financial instrument;

   (b)  where a financial instrument which falls within paragraph (a) is
        embedded in or combined with, or forms part of, a bond, loan, share,
        note or structured financial instrument, means only the financial 
        instrument which falls within paragraph (a);

"dilution risk" (攤薄風險) has the meaning assigned to it by
section 139(1);

"direct credit substitute" (直接信貸替代項目), in relation to an
authorized institution—

   (a)  means an irrevocable off-balance sheet exposure of the institution
        which carries the same credit risk to the institution as a direct
        extension of credit by the institution; and

   (b)  includes—

        (i)    guarantees given by the institution;

        (ii)   standby letters of credit serving as financial guarantees for
               loans;

        (iii)  acceptances; and

        (iv)   financial liabilities arising from the selling of credit 
               protection under credit derivative contracts in the form of
               total return  swaps or credit default swaps booked in the
               institution's banking book;

"domestic currency exposure" (本地貨幣風險承擔) means an exposure of
an authorized institution which is—

   (a)  denominated in the local currency of the obligor in respect of the
        exposure; and

   (b)  funded by liabilities entered into by the institution in that
        currency;

"domestic public sector entity" (本地公營單位) means an entity specified
in Part 1 of Schedule 1; "EAD" has the meaning assigned to it by
section 139(1);

"early amortization provision" (提早攤銷規定) has the meaning assigned
to it by section 227(1);

"ECAI" means an external credit assessment institution;

"ECAI issue specific rating" (ECAI特定債項評級), in relation to an
exposure, subject to subsection (7), means—

   (a)  in section 55, a long-term credit assessment rating—

        (i)    which is assigned to the exposure by an ECAI; and

        (ii)   which is for the time being neither withdrawn nor suspended by
               that ECAI;

   (b)  in sections 59, 60 and 61 and Parts 7 and 8, a short-term credit
        assessment rating or long-term credit assessment rating—

        (i)    which is assigned to the exposure by an ECAI; and

        (ii)   which is for the time being neither withdrawn nor suspended by
               that ECAI; or

   (c)  in the case of a holding of units or shares in a collective 
        investment scheme which only holds cash or fixed income assets, a
        credit assessment rating—

        (i)    which is assigned to the scheme by an ECAI based on the credit
               quality of the cash held or the fixed income assets held, as
               the case may be; and

        (ii)   which is for the time being neither withdrawn nor suspended by
               that ECAI;

"ECAI issuer rating" (ECAI發債人評級), in relation to any person (however
described), means a long-term credit assessment rating—

   (a)  which is assigned to the person by an ECAI; and

   (b)  which is for the time being neither withdrawn nor suspended by that
        ECAI;

"ECAI rating" (ECAI評級) means—

   (a)  an ECAI issuer rating; or

   (b)  an ECAI issue specific rating;

"EL amount" (EL額) has the meaning assigned to it by section 139(1);

"equity contract" (股權合約) means a forward contract, swap contract,
option  contract or similar derivative contract the value of which is
determined by reference to the value of, or any fluctuation in the value of,
one or more than one underlying equity or underlying equity index (being an
index calculated by reference to a basket of equities);

"equity-related derivative contract" (股權關聯衍生工具合約) has the
meaning assigned to it by section 281;

"exception" (例外情況), in relation to back-testing by an authorized
institution, means an instance in which the daily losses in the value of a
portfolio of exposures of the institution are above the daily VaR generated
from the institution's internal model applicable to that portfolio;

"excess spread" (超額利差) has the meaning assigned to it by
section 227(1);

"exchange controls" (外匯管制) means controls or restrictions imposed by
the government of a country on the exchange of the currency of that country
for the currency of another country;

"exchange rate contract" (匯率合約)—

   (a)  means a forward foreign exchange contract, cross-currency interest
        rate swap contract, currency option contract or similar
        derivative contract; and

   (b)  includes a forward contract, swap contract, option contract or similar
        derivative contract the value of which is determined by reference to
        the value of, or any fluctuation in the value of, gold;

"external credit assessment institution" (外部信用評估機構) means—

   (a)  Standard & Poor's Ratings Services;

   (b)  Moody's Investors Service;

   (c)  Fitch Ratings; or

   (d)  Rating and Investment Information, Inc.;

"facility grade" (融通等級) has the meaning assigned to it by
section 139(1);

"fair value" (公平價值)—

   (a)  in relation to an asset, means the amount for which the asset could be
        exchanged between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm's length
        transaction; or

   (b)  in relation to a liability, means the amount for which the liability
        could be settled between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm's
        length transaction;

"financial instrument" (金融工具) includes a financial instrument in the
form of—

   (a)  a written document;

   (b)  information which is recorded in the form of any entry in a book of
        account;

   (c)  information which is recorded (whether by means of a computer or
        otherwise) in a non-legible form but is capable of being reproduced in
        a legible form; and

   (d)  any combination of the document and information referred to in
        paragraphs (a), (b) and (c);

"first-to-default credit derivative contract"
(首先違責者信用衍生工具合約) means a credit derivative contract
under which—

   (a)  the protection buyer obtains credit protection for a basket of
        exposures held by it; and

   (b)  the first default among the obligations specified in the contract for
        the purposes of determining whether a credit event has occurred
        triggers the credit protection and terminates the contract;

"Fitch Ratings" (惠譽評級) means that organization the membership of
which—

   (a)  consists of—

        (i)    members of the group of companies of which Fitch, Inc. is the
               ultimate holding company;

        (ii)   Fitch Ratings Lanka Limited; and

        (iii)  Fitch Ratings (Thailand) Limited;

   (b)  adheres to a common set of core methodologies, practices and
        procedures for issuing credit assessment ratings; and

   (c)  issues credit assessment ratings under the name of Fitch  Ratings;

"foreign public sector entity" (非本地公營單位) means an entity
specified by a relevant banking supervisory authority outside Hong Kong
(whether by means of legislation or a public notice or otherwise) to be a
public sector  entity for the purposes of applying preferential risk-weighting
treatment under capital adequacy standards formulated in accordance with—

   (a)  the document entitled "International Convergence of Capital
        Measurement and Capital Standards" published by the Basel Committee on
        Banking Supervision in July 1988; or

   (b)  the document entitled "International Convergence of Capital
        Measurement and Capital Standards — A Revised Framework
        (Comprehensive Version)" published by the Basel Committee on Banking
        Supervision in June 2006;

"forward asset purchase" (遠期資產購買), in relation to an authorized
institution—

   (a)  subject to paragraph (b), means a contractually binding commitment by
        the institution to purchase on a specified future date, and according
        to specified terms, a loan, security or other asset from another
        party, and includes a contractually binding commitment under a put
        option written by the institution;

   (b)  does not include a contractually binding commitment arising from a
        forward foreign exchange contract;

"forward contract" (遠期合約)—

   (a)  subject to paragraph (b), means a contract between two parties for the
        purchase or sale of a specified quantity of a specified commodity,
        currency, financial instrument or thing at a specified price on a
        specified future date;

   (b)  does not include a futures contract;

"forward forward deposits placed" (遠期有期存款), in relation to an
authorized institution, means an agreement between the institution and another
party whereby the institution will place a deposit at a specified rate of
interest with the party on a specified future date;

"foundation IRB approach" (基礎IRB計算法) has the meaning assigned to it
by section 139(1);

"futures contract" (期貨合約) means a contract which is made under the
rules or conventions of a futures exchange and traded on the exchange;

"gain-on-sale" (出售收益) has the meaning assigned to it by
section 227(1);

"general market risk" (一般市場風險) has the meaning assigned to it by
section  281 ;

"gross income" (總收入) has the meaning assigned to it by section 323;

"group of companies" (公司集團) has the meaning assigned to it by
section 2(1) of the Companies Ordinance ( Cap 32);

"guarantee" (擔保) includes an indemnity;

"haircut" (扣減), in relation to an authorized institution, means an
adjustment to be applied to the credit protection held by the institution, or
the institution's exposure, to take into account possible future price
fluctuations or fluctuations in exchange rates;

"IMM approach" (IMM計算法) means the internal models approach;

"impairment loss" (減值損失), in relation to an exposure of an authorized
institution, means the amount by which the carrying amount of the exposure
exceeds the exposure's recoverable amount;

"incorporated" (成立為法團) includes established;

"insurance firm" (保險商號)—

   (a)  means an entity—

        (i)    which is authorized and supervised by an insurance regulator
               pursuant to the law of a country other than Hong Kong; and

        (ii)   which is subject to supervisory arrangements regarding the
               maintenance of adequate capital to support its business
               activities comparable to those prescribed for authorized
               institutions under the Ordinance and these Rules; and

   (b)  includes an authorized insurer within the meaning of the
        Insurance Companies Ordinance ( Cap 41);

"insurance regulator" (保險規管當局) does not include a
restricted insurance  regulator;

"interest rate contract" (利率合約) means a single-currency forward rate
contract, interest rate swap contract, interest rate option contract or
similar derivative contract;

"interest rate derivative contract" (利率衍生工具合約) has the meaning
assigned to it by section 281;

"internal capital" (內部資本), in relation to an authorized institution,
means the amount of capital which the institution holds and allocates
internally as a result of the institution's assessment of the risks faced by
the institution;

"internal model" (內部模式) means a model used by an authorized
institution to measure the institution's credit risk, market risk or
operational risk;

"internal models approach" (內部模式計算法) means the method of
calculating an authorized institution's market risk set out in Divisions 11
and 12 of Part 8;

"internal ratings-based approach" (內部評級基準計算法) means the
method of calculating an authorized institution's credit risk for
non-securitization  exposures set out in Part 6; "internal ratings-based
(securitization) approach" (內部評級基準(證券化)計算法) means the
method of calculating an authorized institution's credit risk for
securitization exposures set out in Divisions 4, 5 and 6 of Part 7;

"IRB approach" (IRB計算法) means the internal ratings-based approach;

"IRB class" (IRB類別) has the meaning assigned to it by section 139(1);

"IRB coverage ratio" (IRB涵蓋比率) has the meaning assigned to it by
section 4; "IRB(S) approach" (IRB(S)計算法) means the internal
ratings-based

   (securitization) approach;

"IRB subclass" (IRB子類別) has the meaning assigned to it by
section 139(1);

"last 3 years" (最近3個年度) has the meaning assigned to it by
section 323; "LGD" has the meaning assigned to it by section 139(1);

"liquidity facility" (流動資金融通) has the meaning assigned to it by
section  227 (1);

"local currency" (本地貨幣), in relation to a country, means the currency
issued by the central government, the central bank, the monetary authority, or
an authorized note-issuing bank, of that country;

"long-term ECAI issue specific rating" (長期ECAI特定債項評級), in
relation to an exposure, means an ECAI issue specific rating for the exposure
which is a long-term credit assessment rating;

"main index" (主要指數) has the meaning assigned to it by section 51;

"market risk" (市場風險), in relation to an authorized institution, means
the institution's market risk as referred to in paragraph (b) of the
definition of "capital adequacy ratio" in section 2(1) of the Ordinance;

"market risk capital charge" (市場風險資本要求) has the meaning
assigned to it by section 281;

"mark-to-market" (按市價計值), in relation to any transaction, position,
exposure or contract, means to revalue the transaction, position, exposure or
contract, as the case may be, at current market price;

"minimum holding period" (最短持有期), in relation to the use of the STC 
approach, has the meaning assigned to it by section 51;

"Moody's Investors Service" (穆迪投資者服務) means that organization
the membership of which—

   (a)  consists of members of the group of companies of which Moody's
        Corporation is the ultimate holding company;

   (b)  adheres to a common set of core methodologies, practices and
        procedures for issuing credit assessment ratings; and

   (c)  issues credit assessment ratings under the name of Moody's Investors
        Service;

"net book value" (淨帳面價值), in relation to any thing, means the
thing's book value after deducting the amount of any allowance for
impairment loss arising from an individual assessment of the thing for
impairment loss;

"nettable" (可作淨額計算的), in relation to an exposure (however
described) of an authorized institution, means that the exposure is subject to
a valid  bilateral netting agreement;

"non-securitization exposure" (非證券化類別風險承擔), in relation to
an authorized institution, means an exposure of the institution which is not a
securitization exposure;

"note issuance and revolving underwriting facilities"
(票據發行及循環式包銷融通) means any facility in respect of the
issue of debt securities to the market where—

   (a)  an issuer may draw down funds, up to a specified limit, over a
        specified period, should any issue of the debt securities prove unable
        to be placed in the market; and

   (b)  the unplaced amount is to be taken up, or funds are to be made
        available, by the underwriter of the facility;

"notional amount" (名義數額), in relation to an off-balance sheet exposure
of an authorized institution, means the reference amount used to calculate
payment obligation between the parties to the exposure;

"obligor" (承擔義務人)—

   (a)  in relation to an exposure of an authorized institution in respect of
        a guarantee, means the guarantor under the guarantee;

   (b)  in relation to an exposure of an authorized institution in respect of
        a credit derivative contract, means the protection seller under the
        contract; or

   (c)  in relation to any other exposure of an authorized institution, means
        a person—

        (i)    to whom the institution has an exposure; and

        (ii)   who has the primary obligation to repay, pay or otherwise
               settle the exposure;

"obligor grade" (承擔義務人等級) has the meaning assigned to it by
section 139(1);

"operational risk" (業務操作風險), in relation to an authorized
institution, means the institution's operational risk as referred to in
paragraph (c)
of the definition of "capital adequacy ratio" in section 2(1) of the
Ordinance;

"option contract" (期權合約) means a contract which gives the holder of
the contract the option or right, exercisable at or before a specified time,
to purchase or sell a specified quantity of a specified commodity, currency,
financial instrument or thing at a specified price;

"originating institution" (發起機構) has the meaning assigned to it by
section  227 (1);

"OTC derivative transaction" means an over-the-counter derivative 
transaction;

"other commodity contract" (其他商品合約) means a forward contract,
swap  contract, option contract or similar derivative contract the value of
which is determined by reference to the value of, or any fluctuation in the
value of, one or more than one underlying commodity other than precious metal
or underlying commodity index (being an index calculated by reference to a
basket of commodities other than precious metal);

"over-the-counter derivative transaction" (場外衍生工具交易)—

   (a)  subject to paragraph (b), means a derivative contract other than a
        credit derivative contract;

   (b)  does not include a contract referred to in paragraph (a)—

        (i)    which is traded on an exchange; and

        (ii)   which is subject to daily re-margining requirements;

"parent bank" (母銀行), in relation to an authorized institution, means any
holding company of the institution which is authorized as a bank in the
overseas country in which the holding company is incorporated;

"partly paid-up shares and securities" (部分付款股份及證券), in
relation to an authorized institution, means shares or securities the unpaid
portion of which the institution may be called upon by the issuer to pay on a
specified or unspecified date in the future;

"past due exposure" (逾期風險承擔), in relation to the use of the
STC approach, has the meaning assigned to it by section 51; "PD" has the
meaning assigned to it by section 139(1); "PD/LGD approach" (PD/LGD 計算法)
has the meaning assigned to it by section  139 (1);

"pool" (組別), in relation to an authorized institution which uses the IRB 
approach, has the meaning assigned to it by section 139(1);

"position" (持倉), in relation to an authorized institution's calculation of
market risk, has the meaning assigned to it by section 281;

"positive current exposure" (現行風險承擔正數), in relation to a
transaction of an authorized institution referred to in paragraph (i) or (j)
of the
definition of "cash items" in section 51 or 105 or referred to in
paragraph (h) or (i) of the definition of "cash items" in section 139(1),
means the risk of loss to the institution on the difference between—

   (a)  the transaction valued at the agreed settlement price; and

   (b)  the transaction valued at the current market price;

"potential exposure" (潛在風險承擔), in relation to an off-balance sheet
exposure of an authorized institution which is an OTC derivative  transaction
or a credit derivative contract, means the principal amount

(within the meaning of section 51, 105, 139(1) or 227(1), as the case
requires) of the transaction or contract, as the case may be, multiplied by
the applicable CCF;

"precious metal contract" (貴金屬合約) means a forward contract,
swap contract, option contract or similar derivative contract the value of
which is determined by reference to the value of, or any fluctuation in the
value of, one or more than one underlying precious metal other than gold or
underlying precious metal index (being an index calculated by reference to a
basket of precious metals other than gold);

"prior consent" (事先同意) means prior consent in writing;

"property-holding shell company" (持物業空殼公司) means a company which
does not engage in any business activity except for the sole purpose of the
buying, holding and selling of residential properties;

"public sector entity" (公營單位) means—

   (a)  a domestic public sector entity; or

   (b)  a foreign public sector entity;

"rated" (獲評級), in relation to a securitization exposure, has the meaning
assigned to it by section 227(1);

"ratings-based method" (評級基準方法) has the meaning assigned to it by
section  227 (1);

"rating system" (評級系統) has the meaning assigned to it by
section 139(1);

"recognized credit risk mitigation" (認可減低信用風險措施), in
relation to an exposure of an authorized institution, means the use by the
institution of—

   (a)  recognized netting;

   (b)  recognized collateral (within the meaning of section 51, 105 or
        139(1), as the case requires);

   (c)  a recognized guarantee (within the meaning of section 51, 105 or
        139(1), as the case requires); or

   (d)  a recognized credit derivative contract (within the meaning of
        section 51, 105 or 139(1), as the case requires), for the purposes of
        reducing the risk-weighted amount of the exposure pursuant to these
        Rules;

"recognized exchange" (認可交易所) means—

   (a)  a recognized stock exchange; or

   (b)  a recognized futures exchange;

"recognized futures exchange" (認可期貨交易所) means a futures exchange
specified in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the Securities and Futures Ordinance (
Cap 571);

"recognized netting" (認可淨額計算) means any netting done pursuant to a
valid  bilateral netting agreement;

"recognized stock exchange" (認可證券交易所) means a stock exchange
specified in Part 3 of Schedule 1 to the Securities and Futures Ordinance (
Cap 571);

"reference entity" (參照實體), in relation to a
credit derivative contract, means the entity on whose credit status that
contract is based;

"reference obligation" (參照義務), in relation to a credit derivative 
contract, means the specified obligation of a specified reference entity in
the contract, pursuant to which the basis for the settlement of the contract
is determined;

"regulatory capital" (監管資本), in relation to an authorized institution,
means the amount of capital the institution is required to hold in accordance
with the Ordinance and these Rules in respect of its risk-weighted amount for
each relevant risk;

"regulatory capital arbitrage" (監管資本套戥) has the meaning assigned
to it by section 4;

"regulatory reserve" (監管儲備), in relation to an authorized institution,
means that portion of the institution’s retained earnings which, for the
purposes of paragraph 9 of the Seventh Schedule to the Ordinance, is earmarked
or appropriated to maintain adequate provision for losses which the
institution will or may incur; (L.N. 267 of 2006)

"relevant international organization" (有關國際組織) means an
international organization specified in Part 10 of Schedule 1;

"relevant risk" (有關風險), in relation to an authorized institution,
means the credit risk, market risk or operational risk of the institution;

"repo-style transaction" (回購形式交易), in relation to an authorized
institution, means a transaction entered into by the institution whereby the
institution—

   (a)  agrees to sell securities to a counterparty for a sum of money with a
        commitment to repurchase the securities at a specified price on a
        specified future date from the counterparty;

   (b)  lends securities to a counterparty and receives a sum of money or
        other securities from the counterparty in exchange as collateral;

   (c)  agrees to acquire securities from a counterparty for a sum of money
        with a commitment to resell the securities at a specified price on a
        specified future date to the counterparty; or

   (d)  borrows securities from a counterparty and provides a sum of money or
        other securities to the counterparty in exchange as collateral;

"residential mortgage loan" (住宅按揭貸款), in relation to an authorized
institution, means a credit facility provided by the institution to a
borrower—

   (a)  which is secured on a residential property or residential properties;
        and

   (b)  which is required by the facility agreement between the institution
        and the borrower to be secured on the residential property or
        residential properties referred to in paragraph (a);

"restricted collective investment scheme" (受限制集體投資計劃) means
a collective  investment scheme specified in Part 3 of Schedule 1;

"restricted debt securities" (受限制債務證券) means debt securities
specified in Part 4 of Schedule 1;

"restricted foreign public sector entity" (受限制非本地公營單位)
means a foreign  public sector entity specified in Part 5 of Schedule 1;

"restricted insurance regulator" (受限制保險規管當局) means an
insurance regulator specified in Part 6 of Schedule 1;

"restricted jurisdiction" (受限制司法管轄區) means a jurisdiction
specified in Part 7 of Schedule 1;

"restricted securities regulator" (受限制證券規管當局) means a
securities regulator specified in Part 8 of Schedule 1;

"restricted sovereign" (受限制官方實體) means a sovereign specified in
Part 9 of Schedule 1;

"risk category" (風險類別), in relation to an authorized institution's
calculation of market risk, has the meaning assigned to it by section 281;

"risk-weighted amount" (風險加權數額)—

   (a)  in relation to the calculation of the credit risk of a
        non-securitization exposure of an authorized institution, means the
        amount of the institution's exposure to credit risk calculated in
        accordance with Part 4, 5 or 6, as the case requires;

   (b)  in relation to the calculation of the credit risk of a
        securitization exposure of an authorized institution, means the amount
        of the institution's exposure to credit risk calculated in accordance
        with Part 7;

   (c)  in relation to the calculation of the market risk of an authorized
        institution, means the amount of the institution's exposure to
        market risk calculated in accordance with Part 8;

   (d)  in relation to the calculation of the operational risk of an
        authorized institution, means the amount of the institution's exposure
        to operational risk calculated in accordance with Part 9;

"risk-weighted amount for credit risk" (信用風險的風險加權數額), in
relation to an authorized institution, means the total risk-weighted amount
of—

   (a)  the institution's non-securitization exposures to credit risk
        calculated in accordance with Part 4, 5 or 6, as the case requires;
        and

   (b)  the institution's securitization exposures to credit risk calculated
        in accordance with Part 7;

"risk-weighted amount for market risk" (市場風險的風險加權數額), in
relation to an authorized institution, means the total risk-weighted amount of
the institution's exposures to market risk calculated in accordance with Part
8;

"risk-weighted amount for operational risk"
(業務操作風險的風險加權數 額), in relation to an authorized
institution, means the risk-weighted  amount of the institution's exposure to
operational risk calculated in accordance with Part 9;

"second-to-default credit derivative contract"
(第二違責者信用衍生工具合約) means a credit derivative contract
under which—

   (a)  the protection buyer obtains credit protection for a basket of
        exposures held by it; and

   (b)  the second default among the obligations specified in the contract for
        the purposes of determining whether a credit event has occurred
        triggers the credit protection and terminates the contract; "section
        79A(1) requirement" (第79A(1)條規定), in relation to an authorized
        institution, means a requirement in a notice under section 79A(1) of
        the Ordinance whereby a provision of Part XV of the Ordinance is to
        apply to the institution on—

   (a)  a consolidated basis in respect of all the subsidiaries of the
        institution;

   (b)  a consolidated basis in respect of such subsidiaries of the
        institution as specified in the notice;

   (c)  the consolidated basis referred to in paragraph (a) and an
        unconsolidated basis unless otherwise specified in the notice; or

   (d)  the consolidated basis referred to in paragraph (b) and an
        unconsolidated basis unless otherwise specified in the notice;
        "section 98(2) requirement" (第98(2)條規定), in relation to an
        authorized institution, means a requirement in a notice under section
        98(2) of the Ordinance whereby the capital adequacy ratio of the
        institution is to be calculated on—

   (a)  a consolidated basis in respect of all the subsidiaries of the
        institution;

   (b)  a consolidated basis in respect of such subsidiaries of the
        institution as specified in the notice;

   (c)  the consolidated basis referred to in paragraph (a) and an
        unconsolidated basis unless otherwise specified in the notice; or

   (d)  the consolidated basis referred to in paragraph (b) and an
        unconsolidated basis unless otherwise specified in the notice;

"securities firm" (證券商號)—

   (a)  means an entity (other than a bank)—

        (i)    which is authorized and supervised by a securities regulator
               pursuant to the law of a country other than Hong Kong; and

        (ii)   which is subject to supervisory arrangements regarding the
               maintenance of adequate capital to support its business
               activities comparable to those prescribed for authorized
               institutions under the Ordinance and these Rules; and

   (b)  includes a licensed corporation which has been granted a licence to
        carry on a regulated activity by the Securities and Futures Commission
        of Hong Kong;

"securities regulator" (證券規管當局) does not include a
restricted securities  regulator;

"securitization exposure" (證券化類別風險承擔) has the meaning
assigned to it by section 227(1);

"securitization issues" (證券化票據) has the meaning assigned to it by
section  227 (1);

"securitization transaction" (證券化交易) has the meaning assigned to it
by section 227(1);

"senior management" (高級管理人員), in relation to an authorized
institution, includes the chief executives and managers of the institution;

"servicer cash advance facility" (服務者現金墊支融通) has the meaning
assigned to it by section 227(1);

"short-term ECAI issue specific rating" (短期ECAI特定債項評級), in
relation to an exposure, means an ECAI issue specific rating for the exposure
which is a short-term credit assessment rating;

"solo basis" (單獨基礎) has the meaning assigned to it by section 4;

"solo-consolidated basis" (單獨—綜合基礎) has the meaning assigned to
it by section 4;

"solo-consolidated subsidiary" (單獨—綜合附屬公司) has the meaning
assigned to it by section 4;

"sovereign" (官方實體) means—

   (a)  the Government;

   (b)  the central government of a country;

   (c)  the central bank of a country;

   (d)  an authority of a country which performs in the country functions
        similar to the functions performed by the Monetary Authority; or

   (e)  a relevant international organization;

"sovereign foreign public sector entity"
(屬官方實體的非本地公營單位) has the meaning assigned to it by
section 51; "SPE" has the meaning assigned to it by section 227(1);

"specific provisions" (特定準備金), in relation to an exposure of an
authorized institution, means an allowance for impairment loss in respect of
that exposure where—

   (a)  the institution reasonably considers that an event has occurred
        causing the impairment loss;

   (b)  the event occurs after the exposure is originated or acquired by the
        institution; and

   (c)  the allowance is assessed by the institution by reference to the
        impact that the event has on the cash flows in respect of the exposure
        insofar as that impact can be reliably estimated; (L.N. 267 of 2006)

"specific risk" (特定風險) has the meaning assigned to it by section 281;
"Standard & Poor's Ratings Services" (標準普爾評級服務) means that
organization the membership of which—

   (a)  consists of business units within members of the group of  companies
        of which The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. is the ultimate holding
        company;

   (b)  adheres to a common set of core methodologies, practices and
        procedures for issuing credit assessment ratings; and

   (c)  issues credit assessment ratings under the name of Standard & Poor's
        Ratings Services;

"standard supervisory haircut" (標準監管扣減) has the meaning assigned
to it by section 51;

"standardized business line" (標準業務線) has the meaning assigned to it
by section 323; "standardized (credit risk) approach"
(標準(信用風險)計算法) means the method of calculating an authorized
institution's credit risk for non-securitization  exposures set out in Part 4;
"standardized (market risk) approach" (標準(市場風險)計算法) means
the method of calculating an authorized institution's market risk set out in
Divisions 2 to 10 of Part 8; "standardized (operational risk) approach"
(標準(業務操作風險)計算法) means the method of calculating an
authorized institution's operational risk set out in Division 3 of Part 9;
"standardized (securitization) approach" (標準(證券化)計算法) means
the method of calculating an authorized institution's credit risk for
securitization  exposures set out in Division 3 of Part 7;

"STC approach" (STC 計算法) means the standardized (credit risk) approach;
"STC(S) approach" (STC(S) 計算法) means the standardized (securitization)
approach;

"STM approach" (STM 計算法) means the standardized (market risk) approach;

"STO approach" (STO 計算法) means the standardized (operational risk)
approach;

"stress-testing" (壓力測試), in relation to an authorized institution,
means the use by the institution of a risk management technique to evaluate
the potential impact on the institution of a specific event, or movements in a
set of financial variables, or both, under market conditions depicting various
levels of market movement and financial distress;

"supervisory formula method" (監管公式方法) has the meaning assigned to
it by section 227(1);

"supplementary capital" (附加資本) has the meaning assigned to it by
section  35 ;

"swap contract" (掉期合約) means a contract under which two parties agree
to exchange assets, liabilities or cash flows according to specified terms
over a specified period;

"synthetic securitization transaction" (合成證券化交易) has the meaning
assigned to it by section 227(1);

"title transfer" (所有權轉移), in relation to collateral, means an
outright transfer of the legal and beneficial ownership in the collateral from
the collateral provider to the collateral taker;

"total EL amount" (EL 總額) has the meaning assigned to it by
section 139(1);

"total eligible provisions" (合資格準備金總額) has the meaning
assigned to it by section 139(1);

"total return swap" (總回報掉期) means a credit derivative contract under
which the protection buyer—

   (a)  agrees to pay the protection seller all cash flows which arise from a
        reference obligation together with any appreciation in the market
        value of the reference obligation; and

   (b)  receives, in return for that agreement, a spread over a specified
        index together with any depreciation in the value of the
        reference obligation during the term of the contract;

"trade-related contingency" (貿易關聯或有項目)—

   (a)  means a contingent liability which relates to trade-related
        obligations; and

   (b)  includes liabilities arising from issuing and confirming letters of
        credit, acceptances on trade bills, and shipping guarantees;

"trading book" (交易帳), in relation to an authorized institution, means
the institution's exposures in financial instruments and commodities where—

   (a)  the financial instruments and commodities are held—

        (i)    with the intention of trading; or

        (ii)   for the purposes of hedging one or more of the exposures in
               other financial instruments and commodities which are held with
               the intention of trading;

   (b)  the financial instruments are free of any restrictive covenants on
        tradability, or the exposures in the financial instruments and
        commodities are able to be completely hedged; and

   (c)  the exposures are frequently and accurately valued and actively
        managed;

"trading day" (交易日) means a day on which a financial market is open for
trading;

"traditional securitization transaction" (傳統證券化交易) has the
meaning assigned to it by section 227(1);

"transaction-related contingency" (交易關聯或有項目), in relation to
an authorized institution—

   (a)  means a contingent liability which involves an irrevocable obligation
        of the institution to pay a beneficiary when a customer fails to
        perform a contractual and non-financial obligation; and

   (b)  includes a performance bond, bid bond, warranty and standby letter of
        credit related to a particular transaction;

"transitional period" (過渡期) has the meaning assigned to it by section 4;

"underlying exposures" (組成項目), in relation to a securitization 
transaction, has the meaning assigned to it by section 227(1);

"unrated" (無評級), in relation to a securitization exposure, has the
meaning assigned to it by section 227(1);

"valid bilateral netting agreement" (有效雙邊淨額結算協議), in
relation to an authorized institution, means an agreement in respect of which
the following conditions are satisfied—

   (a)  the agreement is in writing;

   (b)  the agreement creates a single legal obligation for all individual
        contracts covered by the agreement, and provides, in effect, that the
        institution would have a single claim or obligation to receive or pay
        only the net amount of the sum of the positive and negative
        mark-to-market values of the individual contracts covered by the
        agreement in the event that a counterparty to the agreement, or a
        counterparty to whom the agreement has been validly assigned, fails to
        comply with any obligation under the agreement due to default,
        insolvency, bankruptcy, or similar circumstance;

   (c)  the institution has been given legal advice in writing to the effect
        that in the event of a challenge in a court of law, including a
        challenge resulting from default, insolvency, bankruptcy, or similar
        circumstance, the relevant court or administrative authority would
        find the institution's exposure to be the net amount under—

        (i)    the law of the jurisdiction in which the counterparty is
               incorporated or the equivalent location in the case of
               non-corporate entities, and if a branch of the counterparty is
               involved, then also under the law of the jurisdiction in which
               the branch is located;

        (ii)   the law which governs the individual contracts covered by the
               agreement; and

        (iii)  the law which governs the agreement;

   (d)  the institution establishes and maintains procedures to monitor
        developments in any law relevant to the agreement and to ensure that
        the agreement continues to satisfy this definition;

   (e)  the institution manages the transactions covered by the agreement on a
        net basis;

   (f)  the institution maintains in its files documentation adequate to
        support the netting of the contracts covered by the agreement; and

   (g)  the agreement is not subject to a provision that permits the
        non-defaulting counterparty to make only limited payment, or no
        payment at all, to the defaulter or the estate of the defaulter,
        regardless of whether or not the defaulter is a net creditor under the
        agreement;

"value-at-risk" (風險值), in relation to a portfolio of exposures, means a
measure of the worst expected loss on the portfolio resulting from market
movement over a period of time within a given confidence interval; "VaR" means
value-at-risk.

(2) A reference in these Rules to a table or formula followed by a number is a
reference to the table or formula, as the case may be, in these Rules bearing
that number.

(3) Where, under a provision of these Rules, the prior consent of the Monetary
Authority is required by an authorized institution in respect of any matter,
the institution shall seek the prior consent by making an application in the
specified form, if any, to the Monetary Authority.

(4) Where, under a provision of these Rules, the Monetary Authority is
required to give notice of any matter to all authorized institutions
incorporated in Hong Kong, or to a class of such institutions, it is
sufficient compliance with that provision if the Monetary Authority publishes
the notice in the Gazette.

(5) Where any matter specified in a section of these Rules is
qualified by the word "appropriate", "material" or "relevant", then, for the
purposes of assisting in ascertaining the nature of that qualification insofar
as it relates to that matter, regard shall be had to the guidelines, if any,
issued under the Ordinance which are applicable to that section.

(6) A reference in these Rules to an exposure of an authorized institution to
a guarantor arising in respect of a guarantee, or to a counterparty arising in
respect of a credit derivative contract purchased by the institution, is an
exposure for the purposes of these Rules whether or not any event has occurred
which may give rise to a right to sue, or a claim on, the guarantor or the
counterparty, as the case may be.

(7) For the purposes of these Rules, an authorized institution shall not use
an ECAI issue specific rating allocated to a debt obligation of a person which
has ceased to be outstanding for the purposes of determining the risk-weight
to be applied to another debt obligation of that person.

"alternative standardized approach" (替代標準計算法)

"ASA approach" (ASA 計算法)

"asset sale with recourse" (有追索權的資產出售)

"back-testing" (回溯測試)

"bank" (銀行)

"banking book" (銀行帳)

"basic approach" (基本計算法)

"basic indicator approach" (基本指標計算法)

"BIA approach" (BIA 計算法)

"bond" (債券)

"BSC approach" (BSC 計算法)

"business day" (營業日)

"calendar quarter" (季度)

"calendar quarter end date" (季度終結日)

"capital charge" (資本要求) "CCF"

"clean-up call" (結清權)

"collective investment scheme" (集體投資計劃)

"collective provisions" (集體準備金)

"commodity" (商品)

"commodity-related derivative contract" (商品關聯衍生工具合約)

"comprehensive approach" (全面方法)

"confidence interval" (置信區間)

"consolidated basis" (綜合基礎)

"consolidation group" (綜合集團)

"core capital" (核心資本)

"counter-guarantee" (反擔保)

"country" (國家)

"credit conversion factor" (信貸換算因數)

"credit default swap" (信用違責掉期)

"credit derivative contract" (信用衍生工具合約)

"credit enhancement" (信用提升)

"credit event" (信用事件)

"credit-linked note" (信用掛鈎票據)

"credit protection" (信用保障)

"credit protection provider" (信用保障提供者)

"credit quality grade" (信用質素等級)

"credit risk" (信用風險)

"credit risk components" (信用風險組成部分)

"currency mismatch" (貨幣錯配)

"current exposure" (現行風險承擔)

"debt-related derivative contract" (債務關聯衍生工具合約)

"debt security contract" (債務證券合約)

"delivery-versus-payment basis" (貨銀對付形式)

"derivative contract" (衍生工具合約)

"dilution risk" (攤薄風險)

"direct credit substitute" (直接信貸替代項目)

"domestic currency exposure" (本地貨幣風險承擔)

"domestic public sector entity" (本地公營單位)

"early amortization provision" (提早攤銷規定)

"ECAI issue specific rating" (ECAI特定債項評級)

"ECAI issuer rating" (ECAI發債人評級)

"ECAI rating" (ECAI評級)

"EL amount" (EL額)

"equity contract" (股權合約)

"equity-related derivative contract" (股權關聯衍生工具合約)

"exception" (例外情況)

"excess spread" (超額利差)

"exchange controls" (外匯管制)

"exchange rate contract" (匯率合約)

"external credit assessment institution" (外部信用評估機構)

"facility grade" (融通等級)

"fair value" (公平價值)

"financial instrument" (金融工具)

"first-to-default credit derivative contract"
(首先違責者信用衍生工具合約)

"Fitch Ratings" (惠譽評級)

"foreign public sector entity" (非本地公營單位)

"forward asset purchase" (遠期資產購買)

"forward contract" (遠期合約)

"forward forward deposits placed" (遠期有期存款)

"foundation IRB approach" (基礎IRB計算法)

"futures contract" (期貨合約)

"gain-on-sale" (出售收益)

"general market risk" (一般市場風險)

"gross income" (總收入)

"group of companies" (公司集團)

"guarantee" (擔保)

"haircut" (扣減)

"IMM approach" (IMM計算法)

"impairment loss" (減值損失)

"incorporated" (成立為法團)

"insurance firm" (保險商號)

"insurance regulator" (保險規管當局)

"interest rate contract" (利率合約)

"interest rate derivative contract" (利率衍生工具合約)

"internal capital" (內部資本)

"internal model" (內部模式)

"internal models approach" (內部模式計算法)

"internal ratings-based approach" (內部評級基準計算法) "internal
ratings-based (securitization) approach"
(內部評級基準(證券化)計算法)

"IRB approach" (IRB 計算法)

"IRB class" (IRB 類別)

"IRB coverage ratio" (IRB涵蓋比率) "IRB(S) approach" (IRB(S)計算法)

"IRB subclass" (IRB子類別)

"last 3 years" (最近3個年度) "LGD"

"liquidity facility" (流動資金融通)

"local currency" (本地貨幣)

"long-term ECAI issue specific rating" (長期ECAI特定債項評級)

"main index" (主要指數)

"market risk" (市場風險)

"market risk capital charge" (市場風險資本要求)

"mark-to-market" (按市價計值)

"minimum holding period" (最短持有期)

"Moody's Investors Service" (穆迪投資者服務)

"net book value" (淨帳面價值)

"nettable" (可作淨額計算的)

"non-securitization exposure" (非證券化類別風險承擔)

"note issuance and revolving underwriting facilities"
(票據發行及循環式包銷融通)

"notional amount" (名義數額)

"obligor" (承擔義務人)

"obligor grade" (承擔義務人等級)

"operational risk" (業務操作風險)

"option contract" (期權合約)

"originating institution" (發起機構)

"OTC derivative transaction"

"other commodity contract" (其他商品合約)

"over-the-counter derivative transaction" (場外衍生工具交易)

"parent bank" (母銀行)

"partly paid-up shares and securities" (部分付款股份及證券)

"past due exposure" (逾期風險承擔) "PD" "PD/LGD approach"
(PD/LGD計算法)

"pool" (組別)

"position" (持倉)

"positive current exposure" (現行風險承擔正數)

"potential exposure" (潛在風險承擔)

"precious metal contract" (貴金屬合約)

"prior consent" (事先同意)

"property-holding shell company" (持物業空殼公司)

"public sector entity" (公營單位)

"rated" (獲評級)

"ratings-based method" (評級基準方法)

"rating system" (評級系統)

"recognized credit risk mitigation" (認可減低信用風險措施)

"recognized exchange" (認可交易所)

"recognized futures exchange" (認可期貨交易所)

"recognized netting" (認可淨額計算)

"recognized stock exchange" (認可證券交易所)

"reference entity" (參照實體)

"reference obligation" (參照義務)

"regulatory capital" (監管資本)

"regulatory capital arbitrage" (監管資本套戥) "regulatory reserve”
(監管儲備) " relevant international organization" (有關國際組織) "
relevant risk" (有關風險) " repo-style transaction" (回購形式交易) "
residential mortgage loan" (住宅按揭貸款) "
restricted collective investment scheme" (受限制集體投資計劃) "
restricted debt securities" (受限制債務證券) "
restricted foreign public sector entity" (受限制非本地公營單位) "
restricted insurance regulator" (受限制保險規管當局) "
restricted jurisdiction" (受限制司法管轄區) "
restricted securities regulator" (受限制證券規管當局) "
restricted sovereign" (受限制官方實體) " risk category" (風險類別)
" risk-weighted amount" (風險加權數額) "
risk-weighted amount for credit risk" (信用風險的風險加權數額) "
risk-weighted amount for market risk" (市場風險的風險加權數額) "
risk-weighted amount for operational risk"
(業務操作風險的風險加權數額) "
second-to-default credit derivative contract"
(第二違責者信用衍生工具合約) "section 79A(1) requirement"
(第79A(1)條規定) "section 98(2) requirement" (第98(2)條規定) "
securities firm" (證券商號) " securities regulator" (證券規管當局) "
securitization exposure" (證券化類別風險承擔) "
securitization issues" (證券化票據) " securitization transaction"
(證券化交易) " senior management" (高級管理人員) "
servicer cash advance facility" (服務者現金墊支融通) "
short-term ECAI issue specific rating" (短期ECAI特定債項評級) "
solo basis" (單獨基礎) " solo-consolidated basis" (單獨—綜合基礎)
" solo-consolidated subsidiary" (單獨—綜合附屬公司) " sovereign"
(官方實體) " sovereign foreign public sector entity"
(屬官方實體的非本地公營單位) "SPE" " specific provisions"
(特定準備金) " specific risk" (特定風險) "Standard & Poor's Ratings
Services"(標準普爾評級服務) " standard supervisory haircut"
(標準監管扣減) " standardized business line" (標準業務線)
"standardized (credit risk) approach" (標準(信用風險)計算法)
"standardized (market risk) approach" (標準(市場風險)計算法)
"standardized (operational risk) approach"
(標準(業務操作風險)計算法) "standardized (securitization) approach"
(標準(證券化)計算法) " STC approach" (STC計算法) "STC(S) approach"
(STC(S)計算法) " STM approach" (STM計算法) " STO approach"
(STO計算法) " stress-testing" (壓力測試) " supervisory formula method"
(監管公式方法) " supplementary capital" (附加資本) " swap contract"
(掉期合約) " synthetic securitization transaction" (合成證券化交易)
" title transfer" (所有權轉移) " total EL amount" (EL 總額) "
total eligible provisions" (合資格準備金總額) " total return swap"
(總回報掉期) " trade-related contingency" (貿易關聯或有項目) "
trading book" (交易帳) " trading day" (交易日) "
traditional securitization transaction" (傳統證券化交易) "
transaction-related contingency" (交易關聯或有項目) "
transitional period" (過渡期) " underlying exposures" (組成項目) "
unrated" (無評級) " valid bilateral netting agreement"
(有效雙邊淨額結算協議) " value-at-risk" (風險值)