TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - CHAPTER 559 TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - LONG TITLE Long title VerDate:04/04/2003 An Ordinance to make new provision in respect of the registration of trade marks and to provide for connected matters. [4 April 2003] L.N. 31 of 2003 (Originally 35 of 2000) TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 1 Short title VerDate:04/04/2003 PART I PRELIMINARY (1) This Ordinance may be cited as the Trade Marks Ordinance. (2) (Omitted as spent) TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 1 Short title and commencement VerDate: PART I PRELIMINARY (1) This Ordinance may be cited as the Trade Marks Ordinance. (2) This Ordinance shall come into operation on a day to be appointed by the Secretary for Commerce, Industry and Technology by notice in the Gazette. (Amended L.N. 106 of 2002) TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 2 Interpretation VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires- "certification mark" (證明商標) has the meaning assigned by section 62(1) (certification marks); "certified" (核證), in relation to a copy or extract, means certified by the Registrar and sealed with the seal of the Registrar; "collective mark" (集體商標) has the meaning assigned by section 61(1) (collective marks); "corporation" (法團) means any company or other body corporate, incorporated or formed either in Hong Kong or elsewhere; "court" (法院) means the Court of First Instance; "defensive trade mark" (防禦商標) means a trade mark registered as a defensive trade mark under section 60 (defensive trade marks); "infringement proceedings" (反侵犯法律程序), in relation to a registered trade mark, includes proceedings under section 23 (order for delivery up) and section 25 (order for disposal); "limitation" (限制) means any limitation of the exclusive right to the use of a trade mark given by the registration of a person as owner of the trade mark; "official journal" (官方公報) means the publication for the time being specified under section 73(1) (power to specify official journal, etc.) as the official journal of record; "owner" (擁有人), in relation to a registered trade mark, means the person whose name is for the time being entered in the register as the owner of the trade mark or, if there are 2 or more such persons, each of those persons; "Paris Convention" (《巴黎公約》) means the Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property signed at Paris on 20 March 1883, as revised or amended from time to time; "Paris Convention country" (巴黎公約國) means- (a) any country for the time being specified in Schedule 1 as being a country which has acceded to the Paris Convention; (b) any territory or area subject to the authority or under the suzerainty of any country referred to in paragraph (a), or any territory or area administered by any such country, on behalf of which such country has acceded to the Paris Convention; "prescribed" (訂明) means prescribed or provided for by the rules; "registered trade mark" (註冊商標) means a trade mark registered under section 47 (registration); "Registrar" (處長) means the Registrar of Trade Marks; "Registrar of Trade Marks" (商標註冊處處長) means the person holding that office by virtue of the Director of Intellectual Property (Establishment) Ordinance (Cap 412); "Registry" (註冊處) means the Trade Marks Registry in the Intellectual Property Department administered by the Registrar; "rules" (《規則》) means rules made by the Registrar under section 91 (rules); "trade" (行業) includes a profession; "World Trade Organization Agreement" (《世貿協議》) means the agreement of that name done at Marrakesh in 1994, as revised or amended from time to time; "WTO member" (世貿成員) means any country, territory or area for the time being specified in Schedule 1 as being a country, territory or area which has acceded to the World Trade Organization Agreement. (2) For the purposes of this Ordinance, a sign or trade mark is taken to be applied to goods, material or any other thing if it is woven in, impressed on, worked into, affixed or annexed to, or in any manner marked on or incorporated with, the goods, material or thing. (3) The expressions listed in the left-hand column below are defined in, or fall to be construed in accordance with, the provisions of this Ordinance listed in the right-hand column in relation to those expressions. Expression Relevant Provision Convention application (公約申請) section 41(9) date of application for registration (註冊申請日期) section 39(3) date of registration (註冊日期) section 48 earlier right (在先權利) section 12(5) earlier trade mark (在先商標) section 5 exclusive licence (專用特許) section 32 exclusive licensee (專用特許持有人) section 32 filing date (提交日期) section 39(1) infringement (侵犯) section 16 infringing articles (侵犯性物品) section 17(4) infringing goods (侵犯性貨品) section 17(2) infringing material (侵犯性物料) section 17(3) licence (特許) section 32 licensee (特許持有人) section 32 owner of an earlier right (在先權利的擁有人) section 12(5) owner of a well-known trade mark (馳名商標的擁有人) section 4(3) the register (註冊紀錄冊) section 8(1) registrable transaction (可註冊交易) section 29(2) registration (註冊) section 8(2) series of trade marks (一系列的商標) section 51(3) trade mark (商標) section 3 use (of sign) (使用(標誌)) section 18(5) use (of trade mark or sign) (使用(商標或標誌)) section 6 use (likely to cause confusion) (使用(相當可能會產生混淆)) section 7 well-known trade mark (馳名商標) section 4(1) WTO application (世貿申請) section 41(9) "certification mark" (證明商標) "certified" (核證) "collective mark" (集體商標) "corporation" (法團) "court" (法院) "defensive trade mark" (防禦商標) "infringement proceedings" (反侵犯法律程序) "limitation" (限制) "official journal" (官方公報) "owner" (擁有人) "Paris Convention" (《巴黎公約》) "Paris Convention country" (巴黎公約國) "prescribed" (訂明) "registered trade mark" (註冊商標) "Registrar" (處長) "Registrar of Trade Marks" (商標註冊處處長) "Registry" (註冊處) "rules" (《規則》) "trade" (行業) "World Trade Organization Agreement" (《世貿協議》) "WTO member" (世貿成員) TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 3 Meaning of "trade mark" VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) In this Ordinance, a "trade mark" (商標) means any sign which is capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings and which is capable of being represented graphically. (2) Without affecting the generality of subsection (1), a trade mark may consist of words (including personal names), indications, designs, letters, characters, numerals, figurative elements, colours, sounds, smells, the shape of goods or their packaging and any combination of such signs. (3) A sign may constitute a trade mark even though it is used in relation to a service ancillary to the trade or business of an undertaking and whether or not the service is provided for money or money's worth. (4) Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Ordinance to a trade mark shall be construed as including references to a certification mark, collective mark and defensive trade mark. "trade mark" (商標) TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 4 Meaning of "well-known trade mark" VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) References in this Ordinance to a trade mark which is entitled to protection under the Paris Convention as a well-known trade mark shall be construed as references to a trade mark which is well known in Hong Kong and which is the trade mark of a person who- (a) is a national of, or is domiciled or ordinarily resident in, a Paris Convention country or WTO member; (b) has a right of abode in Hong Kong; or (c) has a real and effective industrial or commercial establishment in a Paris Convention country, a WTO member or Hong Kong, whether or not that person carries on business in Hong Kong or owns any goodwill in a business in Hong Kong. (2) In determining for the purposes of subsection (1) whether a trade mark is well known in Hong Kong, the Registrar or the court shall have regard to Schedule 2. (3) References in this Ordinance to the owner of a well-known trade mark shall be construed in accordance with subsection (1). TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 5 Meaning of "earlier trade mark" VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) In this Ordinance, "earlier trade mark" (在先商標), in relation to another trade mark, means- (a) a registered trade mark which has a date of the application for registration earlier than that of the other trade mark, taking into account the priorities claimed in respect of each trade mark, if any; or (b) a trade mark which, at the date of the application for registration of the other trade mark or, where appropriate, at the date of the priority claimed in respect of that application for registration, was entitled to protection under the Paris Convention as a well-known trade mark. (2) References in this Ordinance to an earlier trade mark shall be construed as including a trade mark in respect of which an application for registration has been made under this Ordinance and which, if registered, would constitute an earlier trade mark under or by virtue of subsection (1)(a), subject to its being so registered. (3) A trade mark which is an earlier trade mark under or by virtue of subsection (1)(a) shall continue to be taken into account in determining the registrability of a later trade mark for a period of 1 year after the date on which its registration expires unless the Registrar is satisfied the trade mark has not been used in good faith in Hong Kong during the 2 years immediately preceding that date. "earlier trade mark" (在先商標) TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 6 References to use of trade mark or sign VerDate:04/04/2003 References in this Ordinance to use (or to any particular description of use) of a trade mark or sign shall be construed as including any use (or any such description of use), whether by means of a graphic representation or otherwise. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 7 References to use likely to cause confusion VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) For greater certainty, in determining for the purposes of this Ordinance whether the use of a trade mark is likely to cause confusion on the part of the public, the Registrar or the court may take into account all factors relevant in the circumstances, including whether the use is likely to be associated with an earlier trade mark. (2) For greater certainty, in determining for the purposes of this Ordinance whether the use of a sign is likely to cause confusion on the part of the public, the Registrar or the court may take into account all factors relevant in the circumstances, including whether the use is likely to be associated with a registered trade mark. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 8 Meaning of "the register" and "registration" VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) In this Ordinance, "the register" (註冊紀錄冊) means the register of trade marks kept under section 67 (register to be kept). (2) Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Ordinance to registration (in particular, in the expression "registered trade mark") shall be construed as references to registration in the register. "the register" (註冊紀錄冊) TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 9 Ordinance binds Government VerDate:04/04/2003 This Ordinance binds the Government. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 10 Registered trade mark a property right VerDate:04/04/2003 PART II REGISTERED TRADE MARKS Introductory (1) A registered trade mark is a property right obtained by the registration of the trade mark under this Ordinance. (2) The owner of a registered trade mark has the rights and is entitled to the remedies provided by this Ordinance. (3) No proceedings lie to prevent, or to recover damages for, the infringement of an unregistered trade mark but nothing in this Ordinance affects the law relating to passing off. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 11 Absolute grounds for refusal of registration VerDate:04/04/2003 Grounds for refusal of registration (1) Subject to subsection (2), the following shall not be registered- (a) signs which do not satisfy the requirements of section 3(1) (meaning of "trade mark"); (b) trade marks which are devoid of any distinctive character; (c) trade marks which consist exclusively of signs which may serve, in trade or business, to designate the kind, quality, quantity, intended purpose, value, geographical origin, time of production of goods or rendering of services, or other characteristics of goods or services; and (d) trade marks which consist exclusively of signs which have become customary in the current language or in the honest and established practices of the trade. (2) A trade mark shall not be refused registration by virtue of subsection (1)(b), (c) or (d) if, before the date of application for registration, it has in fact acquired a distinctive character as a result of the use made of it. (3) A sign shall not be registered as a trade mark in relation to goods if it consists exclusively of- (a) the shape that results from the nature of the goods themselves; (b) the shape of goods that is necessary to obtain a technical result; or (c) the shape that gives substantial value to the goods. (4) A trade mark shall not be registered if it is- (a) contrary to accepted principles of morality; or (b) likely to deceive the public. (5) A trade mark shall not be registered if, or to the extent that- (a) its use is prohibited in Hong Kong under or by virtue of any law; or (b) the application for registration of the trade mark is made in bad faith. (6) A trade mark shall not be registered if, or to the extent that, it consists of or contains- (a) the national flag or its design; (b) the national emblem or its design; (c) the regional flag or its design; or (d) the regional emblem or its design. (7) A trade mark shall not be registered in the cases specified in section 64 (national emblems, etc.) and section 65 (emblems, etc., of certain international organizations). (8) Where the grounds for the refusal of registration exist in respect of only some of the goods or services for which the application for registration is made, the refusal shall apply to those goods or services only. (9) For the purposes of subsection (6)- "national flag" (國旗) and "national emblem" (國徽) have the same meaning as in the National Flag and National Emblem Ordinance (116 of 1997)*; "regional flag" (區旗) and "regional emblem" (區徽) have the same meaning as in the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance (117 of 1997)*. ___________________________________________________________________________ ______ Note: * 116 of 1997 and 117 of 1997 are published at pages 16/1 and 20/1 respectively in Volume 1 of the Loose-leaf Edition of the Laws of Hong Kong but has not been given chapter numbers in that Edition. The texts of 116 of 1997 and 117 of 1997 can also be found in this database under the unofficial "chapter" nos. 2401 and 2602 respectively, which are assigned to that instrument for identification purposes only. "national flag" (國旗) and "national emblem" (國徽) "regional flag" (區旗) and "regional emblem" (區徽) TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 12 Relative grounds for refusal of registration VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) A trade mark shall not be registered if- (a) the trade mark is identical to an earlier trade mark; and (b) the goods or services for which the application for registration is made are identical to those for which the earlier trade mark is protected. (2) A trade mark shall not be registered if- (a) the trade mark is identical to an earlier trade mark; (b) the goods or services for which the application for registration is made are similar to those for which the earlier trade mark is protected; and (c) the use of the trade mark in relation to those goods or services is likely to cause confusion on the part of the public. (3) A trade mark shall not be registered if- (a) the trade mark is similar to an earlier trade mark; (b) the goods or services for which the application for registration is made are identical or similar to those for which the earlier trade mark is protected; and (c) the use of the trade mark in relation to those goods or services is likely to cause confusion on the part of the public. (4) Subject to subsection (6), a trade mark which is- (a) identical or similar to an earlier trade mark; and (b) proposed to be registered for goods or services which are not identical or similar to those for which the earlier trade mark is protected, shall not be registered if, or to the extent that, the earlier trade mark is entitled to protection under the Paris Convention as a well-known trade mark and the use of the later trade mark without due cause would take unfair advantage of, or be detrimental to, the distinctive character or repute of the earlier trade mark. (5) Subject to subsection (6), a trade mark shall not be registered if, or to the extent that, its use in Hong Kong is liable to be prevented- (a) by virtue of any rule of law protecting an unregistered trade mark or other sign used in the course of trade or business (in particular, by virtue of the law of passing off); or (b) by virtue of an earlier right other than those referred to in paragraph (a) or in subsections (1) to (4) (in particular, by virtue of the law of copyright or registered designs), and a person thus entitled to prevent the use of a trade mark is referred to in this Ordinance as the owner of an "earlier right" in relation to the trade mark. (6) A trade mark may be refused registration on any one or more of the grounds mentioned in subsections (4) and (5) only if an objection on those grounds is raised in proceedings in opposition to the registration under section 44 (opposition proceedings) by the owner of the earlier trade mark or other earlier right. (7) Where the grounds for the refusal of registration exist in respect of only some of the goods or services for which the application for registration is made, the refusal shall apply to those goods or services only. (8) Nothing in this section prevents the registration of a trade mark where the owner of the earlier trade mark or other earlier right consents to the registration. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 13 Honest concurrent use, etc. VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) Nothing in section 12 (relative grounds for refusal of registration) prevents the registration of a trade mark where the Registrar or the court is satisfied- (a) that there has been an honest concurrent use of the trade mark and the earlier trade mark or other earlier right; or (b) that by reason of other special circumstances it is proper for the trade mark to be registered. (2) The registration of a trade mark under or by virtue of subsection (1) shall be subject to such limitations and conditions as the Registrar or the court thinks fit to impose. (3) Nothing in this section prevents the Registrar from refusing to register a trade mark on any of the grounds mentioned in section 11 (absolute grounds for refusal of registration). TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 14 Rights conferred by registered trade mark VerDate:04/04/2003 Effects of registered trade mark (1) The owner of a registered trade mark has exclusive rights in the trade mark which are infringed by use of the trade mark in Hong Kong without his consent. (2) The acts constituting infringement of a registered trade mark, if done without the consent of the owner, are specified in section 18 (infringement of registered trade mark) but are subject to the exceptions specified in section 19 (exceptions to infringement), section 20 (exhaustion of rights conferred by registered trade mark) and section 21 (use in advertising, etc.). (3) The rights of the owner of a registered trade mark have effect from the date of registration of the trade mark. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 15 Disclaimers, limitations and conditions VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) An applicant for registration of a trade mark, or the owner of a registered trade mark, may- (a) disclaim any right to the exclusive use of any specified element of the trade mark; or (b) agree that the rights conferred by the registration shall be subject to a specified territorial or other limitation or condition. (2) Where the registration of a trade mark is subject to a disclaimer, limitation or condition, the rights in the registered trade mark conferred by this Ordinance are restricted accordingly. (3) Provision may be made by the rules as to the publication in the official journal and entry in the register of particulars of a disclaimer, limitation or condition. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 16 References to infringement VerDate:04/04/2003 PART III INFRINGEMENT OF REGISTERED TRADE MARKS Preliminary References in this Ordinance to the infringement of a registered trade mark shall be construed as references to any infringement of the rights of the owner. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 17 References to infringing goods, material or articles VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) References in this Ordinance to infringing goods, infringing material or infringing articles shall be construed in accordance with this section. (2) Goods are infringing goods, in relation to a registered trade mark, if the goods or their packaging bear a sign identical or similar to the registered trade mark and- (a) the application of the sign to the goods or their packaging constituted an infringement of the registered trade mark at the time the sign was applied; (b) the goods are proposed to be imported into Hong Kong and the application of the sign in Hong Kong to the goods or their packaging would constitute an infringement of the registered trade mark; or (c) the sign has otherwise been used in relation to the goods in such a way as to infringe the registered trade mark. (3) Material is infringing material, in relation to a registered trade mark, if the material bears a sign identical or similar to the registered trade mark and either- (a) the material is used- (i) for labelling goods; (ii) for packaging goods; (iii) as a business paper; or (iv) for advertising goods or services, in such a way as to infringe the registered trade mark; or (b) the material is intended to be so used and such use would constitute an infringement of the registered trade mark. (4) Articles are infringing articles, in relation to a registered trade mark, if- (a) the articles are specifically designed or adapted for making copies of a sign identical or similar to the registered trade mark; and (b) the articles are in the possession, custody or control of a person who knows or has reason to believe that they have been or are to be used to produce infringing goods or material. (5) Nothing in subsection (2) shall be construed as affecting the importation of goods which may be lawfully imported into Hong Kong by virtue of any law of Hong Kong. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 18 Infringement of registered trade mark VerDate:04/04/2003 Infringing acts (1) A person infringes a registered trade mark if he uses in the course of trade or business a sign which is identical to the trade mark in relation to goods or services which are identical to those for which it is registered. (2) A person infringes a registered trade mark if- (a) he uses in the course of trade or business a sign which is identical to the trade mark in relation to goods or services which are similar to those for which it is registered; and (b) the use of the sign in relation to those goods or services is likely to cause confusion on the part of the public. (3) A person infringes a registered trade mark if- (a) he uses in the course of trade or business a sign which is similar to the trade mark in relation to goods or services which are identical or similar to those for which it is registered; and (b) the use of the sign in relation to those goods or services is likely to cause confusion on the part of the public. (4) A person infringes a registered trade mark if- (a) he uses in the course of trade or business a sign which is identical or similar to the trade mark in relation to goods or services which are not identical or similar to those for which the trade mark is registered; (b) the trade mark is entitled to protection under the Paris Convention as a well-known trade mark; and (c) the use of the sign, being without due cause, takes unfair advantage of, or is detrimental to, the distinctive character or repute of the trade mark. (5) For the purposes of this section a person uses a sign if, in particular, he- (a) applies it to goods or their packaging; (b) offers or exposes goods for sale under the sign; (c) puts goods on the market under the sign; (d) stocks goods under the sign for the purpose of offering or exposing them for sale or of putting them on the market; (e) offers or supplies services under the sign; (f) imports or exports goods under the sign; or (g) uses the sign on business papers or in advertising. (6) Notwithstanding subsection (5), a person who applies or causes to be applied a registered trade mark, or a sign similar to a registered trade mark, to material which is intended to be used- (a) for labelling or packaging goods; (b) as a business paper; or (c) for advertising goods or services, shall be treated as a party to any use of the material which infringes the registered trade mark if, at the time the trade mark or sign was applied to the material, he knew or had reason to believe that its application to the material was not authorized by the owner of the registered trade mark or by a licensee. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 19 Exceptions to infringement VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) This section applies notwithstanding section 18 (infringement of registered trade mark). (2) A registered trade mark is not infringed by the use of another registered trade mark in relation to goods or services for which the latter is registered (but see section 53(9) for the effect of a declaration of invalidity of registration). (3) A registered trade mark is not infringed by- (a) the use by a person of his own name or address or the name of his place of business; (b) the use by a person of the name of his predecessor in business or the name of his predecessor's place of business; (c) the use of signs which serve to designate the kind, quality, quantity, intended purpose, value, geographical origin, time of production of goods or rendering of services, or other characteristics of goods or services; or (d) the use of the trade mark where it is necessary to indicate the intended purpose of goods or services (for example, as accessories or spare parts), provided the use is in accordance with honest practices in industrial or commercial matters. (4) A registered trade mark is not infringed by the use by any person in the course of trade or business in Hong Kong of an unregistered trade mark or other sign in relation to goods or services if the unregistered trade mark or other sign has been so used in Hong Kong by that person or a predecessor in title continuously from a date preceding the earlier of- (a) the date of first use in Hong Kong of the trade mark which is registered; and (b) the date of registration in Hong Kong of that trade mark. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 20 Exhaustion of rights conferred by registered trade mark VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) Notwithstanding section 18 (infringement of registered trade mark), a registered trade mark is not infringed by the use of the trade mark in relation to goods which have been put on the market anywhere in the world under that trade mark by the owner or with his consent (whether express or implied or conditional or unconditional). (2) Subsection (1) does not apply where the condition of the goods has been changed or impaired after they have been put on the market, and the use of the registered trade mark in relation to those goods is detrimental to the distinctive character or repute of the trade mark. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 21 Use in advertising, etc. VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) Nothing in section 18 (infringement of registered trade mark) shall be construed as preventing the use by any person of a registered trade mark for the purpose of identifying goods or services as those of the owner of the registered trade mark or a licensee, but any such use which is otherwise than in accordance with honest practices in industrial or commercial matters shall be treated as infringing the registered trade mark. (2) In determining for the purposes of subsection (1) whether the use is in accordance with honest practices in industrial or commercial matters, the court may consider such factors as it considers relevant including, in particular, whether- (a) the use takes unfair advantage of the trade mark; (b) the use is detrimental to the distinctive character or repute of the trade mark; or (c) the use is such as to deceive the public. (3) For the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this section shall be construed as applying to the interpretation of section 20 (exhaustion of rights conferred by registered trade mark). TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 22 Action for infringement VerDate:04/04/2003 Infringement proceedings (1) An infringement of a registered trade mark is actionable by the owner of the trade mark. (2) Notwithstanding section 48 (date of registration), no infringement proceedings may be begun before the date on which the trade mark is in fact entered in the register. (3) In infringement proceedings all such relief by way of damages, injunctions, accounts or otherwise shall be available to the owner of a registered trade mark as is available in respect of the infringement of any other property right. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 23 Order for delivery up VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) The owner of a registered trade mark may apply to the court for an order for the delivery up to him, or such other person as the court may direct, of any infringing goods, material or articles which a person has in his possession, custody or control in the course of a trade or business. (2) No application may be made under subsection (1) after the end of the period referred to in section 24 (limitation on order for delivery up). (3) Where the court makes an order under subsection (1), it shall also make an order under section 25 (order for disposal) unless it determines that there are grounds for not making such an order. (4) A person to whom any infringing goods, material or articles are delivered up pursuant to an order made under subsection (1) shall, if an order under section 25 is not made at the time of the making of the order under subsection (1), retain them pending the making of an order under section 25 or the decision of the court not to make such an order. (5) Nothing in this section affects any other power of the court. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 24 Limitation on order for delivery up VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) Except as mentioned in subsection (2), an application for an order under section 23 (order for delivery up) may not be made after the end of the period of 6 years beginning on- (a) in the case of infringing goods, the date on which the trade mark was applied to the goods or their packaging; (b) in the case of infringing material, the date on which the trade mark was applied to the material; or (c) in the case of infringing articles, the date on which they were made. (2) If during the whole or part of the period referred to subsection (1) the owner of the registered trade mark- (a) is under a disability; or (b) is prevented by fraud or concealment from discovering the facts entitling him to apply for an order, an application may be made at any time before the end of the period of 6 years beginning on the date on which he ceased to be under a disability or could with reasonable diligence have discovered those facts, as the case may be. (3) In subsection (2), "disability" (無行為能力) has the same meaning as in section 22(3) of the Limitation Ordinance (Cap 347). "disability" (無行為能力) TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 25 Order for disposal VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) Where infringing goods, material or articles have been delivered up pursuant to an order made under section 23 (order for delivery up), an application may be made to the court- (a) for an order that they be forfeited to such person as the court may think fit; (b) for an order that they be destroyed; (c) for an order that they be disposed of outside the channels of commerce in such a manner as the court may think fit so as to avoid any harm being caused to the owner of the registered trade mark; (d) for an order that they be otherwise dealt with as the court may think fit; or (e) for a decision that no such order should be made. (2) Where there is more than one person interested in the goods, material or articles, the court may make such order under subsection (1) as it thinks just, and it may, in particular, direct that the goods, material or articles be disposed of and the proceeds be divided among them as the court directs. (3) In considering what order, if any, should be made under subsection (1), the court shall- (a) take into account the need for proportionality between the seriousness of the infringement and the remedies ordered; (b) take into account the interests of third parties; and (c) consider whether other remedies available in proceedings in respect of the infringement of the registered trade mark would be adequate to compensate the owner of the registered trade mark and any licensee and to protect their interests. (4) The court shall not make an order under subsection (1) permitting the removal of a registered trade mark from any goods, material or articles to which it has been unlawfully applied unless the owner of the registered trade mark consents to the order or, in the absence of such consent, unless the court is satisfied- (a) that the goods, material or articles will not enter the channels of commerce once the registered trade mark has been removed from the goods, material or articles; or (b) having regard to the circumstances of the case, that there exist exceptional reasons to justify the removal of the registered trade mark from the goods, material or articles without the court being satisfied, or wholly satisfied, as to the matter mentioned in paragraph (a). (5) Provision may be made by rules of court made by the Chief Justice for the purposes of this section as to the service of notice on persons having an interest in the goods, material or articles, and any such person is entitled- (a) to appear in proceedings for an order under this section, whether or not he was served with notice; and (b) to appeal to the Court of Appeal against any order made under subsection (1)(a), (b), (c) or (d), whether or not he appeared. (6) An order made under subsection (1)(a), (b), (c) or (d) shall not take effect until the end of the period within which notice of an appeal may, as provided by those rules of court, be given or, if before the end of that period notice of appeal is duly given, until the final determination or abandonment of the proceedings on the appeal. (7) If the court decides that no order should be made under subsection (1)(a), (b), (c) or (d), the person who had possession, custody or control of the goods, material or articles before they were delivered up pursuant to the order made under section 23 (order for delivery up) is entitled to their return. (8) References in this section to a person having an interest in goods, material or articles include any person in whose favour an order could be made under this section or under section 54 of the Registered Designs Ordinance (Cap 522) or section 111 or 231 of the Copyright Ordinance (Cap 528) (which make similar provision in relation to infringement of registered designs, copyright and rights in performances). TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 26 Proceedings for relief from groundless threats of infringement proceedings VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) Where a person threatens to bring an action against another person (the "threatened person") for infringement of a registered trade mark in respect of any use other than- (a) the application of the trade mark to goods or their packaging; or (b) the supply of services under the trade mark, any person aggrieved by the threat (the "plaintiff") may bring proceedings before the court for relief under this section. (2) The relief which may be applied for is any one or more of the following- (a) a declaration to the effect that the threats are unjustifiable; (b) an injunction against the continuance of the threats; and (c) such damages, if any, as have been sustained by the plaintiff by reason of the threats. (3) The plaintiff is entitled to the relief claimed under subsection (2) unless the defendant shows that the acts in respect of which the action was threatened constitute or, if done, would constitute, an infringement of the registered trade mark concerned. (4) If the defendant shows that the acts in respect of which the action was threatened constitute or, if done, would constitute, an infringement of a registered trade mark, the plaintiff is nevertheless entitled to the relief claimed under subsection (2) if he shows that the registration of the trade mark is invalid or liable to be revoked in a relevant respect. (5) The mere notification that a trade mark is registered, or that an application for registration has been made, does not constitute a threat to bring an action for infringement for the purposes of this section. (6) Proceedings for relief under this section may not be brought, or (if brought) may not proceed, if- (a) the registered owner of the trade mark; or (b) a licensee having power to bring proceedings for infringement of the trade mark, begins an action for infringement of the trade mark against the threatened person within 28 days after the threat was first made to him and pursues that action with due diligence. (7) Nothing in this section makes a barrister or solicitor liable to proceedings under this section for any act done by him in a professional capacity on behalf of a client. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 27 Nature of registered trade mark VerDate:04/04/2003 PART IV REGISTERED TRADE MARKS AS OBJECTS OF PROPERTY (1) A registered trade mark is personal property. (2) A registered trade mark is transmissible by assignment, testamentary disposition or operation of law in the same way as other personal property; and it is so transmissible either in connection with the goodwill of a business or independently. (3) An assignment or other transmission of a registered trade mark may be partial, that is, limited so as to apply- (a) in relation to some but not all of the goods or services for which the trade mark is registered; or (b) in relation to use of the trade mark in a particular manner or in a particular locality. (4) An assignment of a registered trade mark, or an assent relating to a registered trade mark, is not effective unless it is made in writing and is signed by or on behalf of the assignor or his personal representative. (5) The requirement in subsection (4) that an assignment or assent be signed may be satisfied in a case where the assignor or personal representative is a corporation by the affixing of the seal of the corporation. (6) This section applies to an assignment by way of security as in relation to any other assignment. (7) A registered trade mark may be the subject of a charge in the same way as other personal property. (8) Nothing in this Ordinance shall be construed as affecting the assignment or other transmission of an unregistered trade mark as part of the goodwill of a business. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 28 Co-ownership of registered trade mark VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) Where a trade mark is registered in the name of 2 or more persons jointly, each of them is entitled, subject to any agreement to the contrary, to an equal undivided share in the registered trade mark. (2) Subsections (3) to (6) apply where 2 or more persons are co-owners of a registered trade mark, whether by virtue of subsection (1) or otherwise. (3) Subject to subsection (4) and to any agreement to the contrary, each co-owner is entitled, by himself or his agents, to do for his own benefit and without the consent of or the need to account to any other co-owner, any act which would otherwise constitute an infringement of the registered trade mark. (4) One co-owner may not without the consent of each other co-owner- (a) grant a licence to use the registered trade mark; or (b) assign or charge his share in the registered trade mark. (5) Infringement proceedings may be brought under Part III (infringement of registered trade marks) by any co-owner, but one co-owner may not, without the leave of the court, proceed with the action unless each other co-owner is either joined as a plaintiff or added as a defendant. (6) A co-owner who is added as a defendant as mentioned in subsection (5) shall not be made liable for any costs in the action unless he takes part in the proceedings. (7) Nothing in this section affects the granting of interlocutory relief on the application of one co-owner alone. (8) Nothing in this section affects the mutual rights and obligations of trustees or personal representatives, or their rights and obligations as such. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 29 Registration of transactions affecting registered trade mark VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) On application being made to the Registrar by- (a) a person claiming to be entitled to an interest in or under a registered trade mark by virtue of a registrable transaction; or (b) any other person claiming to be affected by a registrable transaction, the prescribed particulars of the transaction shall be entered in the register. (2) The following are registrable transactions- (a) an assignment of a registered trade mark or any right in it; (b) the grant of a licence under a registered trade mark; (c) the granting of any security interest, whether fixed or floating, over a registered trade mark or any right in or under it; (d) the making by personal representatives of an assent in relation to a registered trade mark or any right in or under it; and (e) an order of a court, or any authority recognized by the Registrar as a competent authority, transferring a registered trade mark or any right in or under it. (3) Until an application has been made for registration of the prescribed particulars of a registrable transaction- (a) the transaction is ineffective as against a person acquiring a conflicting interest in or under the registered trade mark in ignorance of the transaction; and (b) a person claiming to be a licensee by virtue of the transaction does not have the protection of section 35 (rights of licensees generally), section 36 (rights of certain exclusive licensees) or section 37 (rights of sub-licensees under certain exclusive licences). (4) Where a person becomes the owner or a licensee of a registered trade mark by virtue of a registrable transaction, then unless- (a) an application for registration of the prescribed particulars of the transaction is made before the end of the period of 6 months beginning on the date of the transaction; or (b) the court is satisfied that it was not practicable for such an application to be made before the end of that period and that an application was made as soon as practicable thereafter, he is not entitled to damages or an account of profits in respect of any infringement of the registered trade mark occurring after the date of the transaction and before the prescribed particulars of the transaction are registered. (5) Provision may be made by the rules as to- (a) the amendment of registered particulars relating to a licence so as to reflect any alteration of the terms of the licence; and (b) the removal of such particulars from the register- (i) where it appears from the registered particulars that the licence was granted for a fixed period and that period has expired; or (ii) where no such period is indicated and, after such period as may be prescribed, the Registrar has notified the parties of his intention to remove the particulars from the register. (6) Provision may also be made by the rules as to the amendment or removal from the register of particulars relating to a security interest on the application of, or with the consent of, the person entitled to the benefit of that interest. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 30 Trust and equities VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) No notice of any trust (whether express, implied or constructive) shall be entered in the register; and the Registrar shall not be affected by any such notice. (2) Subject to this Ordinance, equities in respect of a registered trade mark may be enforced in like manner as in respect of other personal property. (3) For greater certainty, nothing in this section prevents the registration of a trade mark, or the registration of particulars of a registrable transaction, in the name of a person as a trustee of a trust. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 31 Application for registration of a trade mark as an object of property VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) Sections 27 to 30 (which relate to a registered trade mark as an object of property) apply, with any necessary modifications, in relation to an application for the registration of a trade mark as in relation to a registered trade mark. <* Note - Exp. X-Ref.: Sections 27, 28, 29, 30 *> (2) In section 28 (co-ownership of registered trade mark), as it applies in relation to an application for registration, the reference in subsection (1) of that section to the registration of a trade mark shall be construed as a reference to the making of the application. (3) In section 29 (registration of transactions affecting registered trade mark), as it applies in relation to a transaction affecting an application for the registration of a trade mark, the references to the entry of particulars in the register, and to the making of an application to register particulars, shall be construed as references to the giving of notice to the Registrar of those particulars. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 32 Interpretation VerDate:04/04/2003 PART V LICENSING OF REGISTERED TRADE MARKS Preliminary In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires- "exclusive licence" (專用特許) means a licence, whether general or limited, authorizing the licensee to the exclusion of all other persons, including the person granting the licence, to use a registered trade mark in the manner authorized by the licence; and "exclusive licensee" (專用特許持有人) shall be construed accordingly; "licence" (特許) includes a sub-licence; and "licensee" (特許持有人) shall be construed accordingly. "exclusive licence" (專用特許) "exclusive licensee" (專用特許持有人) "licence" (特許) "licensee" (特許持有人) TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 33 Licences may be general or limited VerDate:04/04/2003 Licences (1) A licence to use a registered trade mark may be general or limited. (2) A limited licence may, in particular, apply- (a) in relation to some but not all of the goods or services for which the trade mark is registered; or (b) in relation to use of the trade mark in a particular manner or a particular locality. (3) A licence is not effective unless it is in writing and is signed by or on behalf of the grantor. (4) The requirement in subsection (3) may be satisfied in a case where the grantor is a corporation by the affixing of the seal of the corporation. (5) Unless the licence provides otherwise, it is binding on a successor in title to the grantor's interest; and references in this Ordinance to doing anything with, or without, the consent of the owner of a registered trade mark shall be construed accordingly. (6) A licence may authorize a licensee to grant a sub-licence. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 34 Exclusive licence may provide same rights as assignment, etc. VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) An exclusive licence may provide that the exclusive licensee shall, to such extent as may be provided by the licence, have the same rights and be entitled to the same remedies in respect of matters occurring after the grant of the licence as if the licence had been an assignment. (2) An exclusive licensee has the same rights against a successor in title who is bound by the licence as he has against the person granting the licence. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 35 Rights of licensees generally VerDate:04/04/2003 Infringement proceedings (1) This section has effect with respect to the rights of a licensee in relation to the infringement of a registered trade mark but does not apply where or to the extent that- (a) by virtue of section 36(2) (rights of certain exclusive licensees), the licensee has a right to bring infringement proceedings in his own name; or (b) by virtue of section 37(2) (rights of sub-licensees under certain exclusive licences), a sub-licensee has the right to call on the exclusive licensee to take infringement proceedings in respect of any matter which affects the sub-licensee's interests. (2) A licensee is entitled, unless his licence or any licence through which his interest is derived provides otherwise, by notice in writing served on the owner of the registered trade mark, to call on the owner to take infringement proceedings in respect of any matter which affects the licensee's interests. (3) Unless the licence or any licence through which the licensee's interest is derived provides otherwise, if the owner of the registered trade mark- (a) refuses to do so; or (b) fails to do so within 1 month after being called on to do so, the licensee may bring the proceedings in his own name as if he were the owner. (4) Where infringement proceedings are brought by a licensee by virtue of this section, the licensee may not, without the leave of the court, proceed with the action unless the owner of the registered trade mark is either joined as a plaintiff or added as a defendant. (5) An owner of a registered trade mark who is added as a defendant as mentioned in subsection (4) shall not be made liable for any costs in the action unless he takes part in the proceedings. (6) Nothing in subsection (4) affects the granting of interlocutory relief on application by a licensee alone. (7) In infringement proceedings brought by the owner of a registered trade mark, any loss suffered or likely to be suffered by licensees shall be taken into account; and the court may give such directions as it thinks fit as to the extent to which the plaintiff is to hold the proceeds of any pecuniary remedy on behalf of licensees. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 36 Rights of certain exclusive licensees VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) This section applies in relation to an exclusive licensee if, or to the extent that, by virtue of section 34(1) (exclusive licence may provide same rights as assignment, etc.), he has the same rights and is entitled to the same remedies in respect of matters occurring after the grant of the licence as if the licence had been an assignment. (2) The exclusive licensee is entitled, subject to the provisions of the licence and to this section, to bring infringement proceedings in his own name against any person other than the owner of the registered trade mark. (3) The rights of the exclusive licensee and the remedies to which he is entitled are concurrent with those of the owner of the registered trade mark; and references to the owner of a registered trade mark in this Ordinance relating to infringement shall be construed accordingly. (4) In infringement proceedings brought by an exclusive licensee by virtue of this section, a defendant may avail himself of any defence which would have been available to him if the proceedings had been brought by the owner of the registered trade mark. (5) Where proceedings for infringement of a registered trade mark brought by the owner of the registered trade mark or an exclusive licensee relate wholly or partly to an infringement in respect of which they have concurrent rights of action, the owner or the exclusive licensee, as the case may be, may not, without the leave of the court, proceed with the action unless the other is either joined as a plaintiff or added as a defendant. (6) A person who is added as a defendant as mentioned in subsection (5) shall not be made liable for any costs in the action unless he takes part in the proceedings. (7) Nothing in subsection (5) affects the granting of interlocutory relief on application by the owner of a registered trade mark or an exclusive licensee alone. (8) Where proceedings for infringement of a registered trade mark are brought which relate wholly or partly to an infringement in respect of which the owner of the registered trade mark and an exclusive licensee have or had concurrent rights of action- (a) the court shall in assessing damages take into account- (i) the terms of the licence; and (ii) any pecuniary remedy already awarded or available to either of them in respect of the infringement; (b) no account of profits shall be directed if an award of damages has been made, or an account of profits has been directed, in favour of the other of them in respect of the infringement; and (c) if an account of profits is directed, the court shall apportion the profits between them as the court considers just. (9) Subsection (8) applies whether or not the owner of the registered trade mark and the exclusive licensee are both parties to the proceedings; and if they are not both parties, the court may give such directions as it thinks fit as to the extent to which the party to the proceedings is to hold the proceeds of any pecuniary remedy on behalf of the other. (10) The owner of a registered trade mark shall notify any exclusive licensee who has a concurrent right of action before applying for an order under section 23 (order for delivery up); and the court may on the application of the licensee make such order under that section as it thinks fit having regard to the terms of the licence. (11) Subsections (5) to (10) have effect subject to any agreement to the contrary between the owner of the registered trade mark and the exclusive licensee. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 37 Rights of sub-licensees under certain exclusive licences VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) This section applies in relation to a sub-licensee of an exclusive licensee if, or to the extent that, by virtue of section 36(2) (rights of certain exclusive licensees), the exclusive licensee has a right to bring infringement proceedings in his own name. (2) A sub-licensee is entitled, unless his sub-licence or any licence through which his interest is derived provides otherwise, by notice in writing served on the exclusive licensee, to call on the exclusive licensee to take infringement proceedings in respect of any matter which affects the sub-licensee's interests. (3) Unless the sub-licence or any licence through which the sub-licensee's interest is derived provides otherwise, if the exclusive licensee- (a) refuses to do so; or (b) fails to do so within 1 month after being called on to do so, the sub-licensee may bring the proceedings in his own name as if he were the exclusive licensee. (4) Where infringement proceedings are brought by a sub-licensee by virtue of this section, the sub-licensee may not, without the leave of the court, proceed with the action unless both the exclusive licensee and the owner of the registered trade mark are either joined as plaintiffs or added as defendants. (5) A person who is added as a defendant as mentioned in subsection (4) shall not be made liable for any costs in the action unless he takes part in the proceedings. (6) Nothing in subsection (4) affects the granting of interlocutory relief on application by a sub-licensee alone. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 38 Application for registration VerDate:04/04/2003 PART VI APPLICATION AND REGISTRATION PROCEDURES Application for registration of trade mark (1) An application for registration of a trade mark shall be filed with the Registrar in the prescribed manner. (2) The application shall include- (a) a request for registration of the trade mark; (b) the name and address of the applicant; (c) a statement of the goods or services in relation to which it is sought to register the trade mark; (d) a representation of the trade mark; and (e) such other information, documents or matter as may be required by the rules. (3) The application shall state whether the trade mark is being used, by the applicant or with his consent, in relation to the goods or services in respect of which it is sought to be registered, and if it is not being so used, whether the applicant honestly intends to use the trade mark, or to allow it to be used, in relation to those goods or services. (4) The application shall be filed in one of the official languages and shall also comply with the requirements of this Ordinance and the rules as to the provision of information in, or the translation of documents into, one or both of the official languages. (5) The application shall be accompanied by the prescribed application fee and such other fees as may be prescribed. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 39 Filing date VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) The filing date of an application for registration of a trade mark is the date on which documents containing everything required by section 38(2)(a) to (d) (application for registration) are filed with the Registrar. (2) If the documents are filed on different dates, the filing date is the last of those dates. (3) References in this Ordinance to the date of application for registration of a trade mark shall be construed as references to the filing date of the application for registration. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 40 Classification of goods and services VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) Goods and services shall be classified for the purposes of the registration of trade marks according to a prescribed system of classification. (2) Any question arising as to the class within which any goods or services fall shall be determined by the Registrar. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 41 Claim to priority VerDate:08/07/2005 (1) A person who has duly filed an application for the registration of a trade mark in, or in respect of, a Paris Convention country or WTO member, or his successor in title, shall enjoy, for the purpose of registering the same trade mark under this Ordinance in respect of any or all of the same goods or services, a right of priority for a period of 6 months after the date of filing of the first of any such applications, subject to compliance with any prescribed conditions. (Amended 10 of 2005 s. 35) (2) If the application for registration under this Ordinance is made within the 6-month period referred to in subsection (1)- (a) the relevant date for the purposes of establishing which rights take precedence shall be the date of filing of the first Convention application or WTO application, as the case may be; and (b) the registrability of the trade mark shall not be affected by any use of the trade mark in Hong Kong in the period between that date and the date of the application for registration under this Ordinance. (3) Any filing of an application for registration of a trade mark in, or in respect of, a Paris Convention country or WTO member which is equivalent to a regular national filing under the law of that Paris Convention country or WTO member, or under any bilateral or multilateral agreement to which it is a party, shall be recognized as giving rise to a right of priority. (4) In subsection (3), "regular national filing" (正規國家提交) means a filing of an application for registration of a trade mark in, or in respect of, a Paris Convention country or WTO member that establishes the date on which the application was filed, whatever the outcome of the application may be. (5) A subsequent application for registration of a trade mark that was the subject of a previous application, and that is filed in, or in respect of, the same Paris Convention country or WTO member, shall be considered as the first application for the purpose of determining priority if, and only if, on the date of filing of the subsequent application, the previous application has been withdrawn, abandoned or refused, without being open to public inspection and without leaving any rights outstanding, and has not served as a basis for claiming a right of priority. (6) The previous application referred to in subsection (5) may not thereafter serve as a basis for claiming a right of priority. (7) Provision may be made by the rules as to the manner of claiming a right to priority on the basis of a Convention application or WTO application, as the case may be. (8) A right to priority arising as a result of a Convention application or WTO application, as the case may be, may be assigned or otherwise transmitted, either with the application or independently; and the reference in subsection (1) to the person's "successor in title" (所有權繼承 人) shall be construed accordingly. (9) In this section- "Convention application" (公約申請) means an application for registration of a trade mark in, or in respect of, a Paris Convention country; "WTO application" (世貿申請) means an application for registration of a trade mark in, or in respect of, a WTO member. "regular national filing" (正規國家提交) "successor in title" (所有權繼承人) "Convention application" (公約申請) "WTO application" (世貿申請) TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 41 Claim to priority VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) A person who has duly filed an application for the registration of a trade mark in, or in respect of, a Paris Convention country or WTO member, or his successor in title, shall enjoy, for the purpose of registering the same trade mark under this Ordinance in respect of any or all of the same goods or services, a right of priority for a period of 6 months beginning on the date of filing of the first of any such applications, subject to compliance with any prescribed conditions. (2) If the application for registration under this Ordinance is made within the 6-month period referred to in subsection (1)- (a) the relevant date for the purposes of establishing which rights take precedence shall be the date of filing of the first Convention application or WTO application, as the case may be; and (b) the registrability of the trade mark shall not be affected by any use of the trade mark in Hong Kong in the period between that date and the date of the application for registration under this Ordinance. (3) Any filing of an application for registration of a trade mark in, or in respect of, a Paris Convention country or WTO member which is equivalent to a regular national filing under the law of that Paris Convention country or WTO member, or under any bilateral or multilateral agreement to which it is a party, shall be recognized as giving rise to a right of priority. (4) In subsection (3), "regular national filing" (正規國家提交) means a filing of an application for registration of a trade mark in, or in respect of, a Paris Convention country or WTO member that establishes the date on which the application was filed, whatever the outcome of the application may be. (5) A subsequent application for registration of a trade mark that was the subject of a previous application, and that is filed in, or in respect of, the same Paris Convention country or WTO member, shall be considered as the first application for the purpose of determining priority if, and only if, on the date of filing of the subsequent application, the previous application has been withdrawn, abandoned or refused, without being open to public inspection and without leaving any rights outstanding, and has not served as a basis for claiming a right of priority. (6) The previous application referred to in subsection (5) may not thereafter serve as a basis for claiming a right of priority. (7) Provision may be made by the rules as to the manner of claiming a right to priority on the basis of a Convention application or WTO application, as the case may be. (8) A right to priority arising as a result of a Convention application or WTO application, as the case may be, may be assigned or otherwise transmitted, either with the application or independently; and the reference in subsection (1) to the person's "successor in title" (所有權繼承 人) shall be construed accordingly. (9) In this section- "Convention application" (公約申請) means an application for registration of a trade mark in, or in respect of, a Paris Convention country; "WTO application" (世貿申請) means an application for registration of a trade mark in, or in respect of, a WTO member. "regular national filing" (正規國家提交) "successor in title" (所有權繼承人) "Convention application" (公約申請) "WTO application" (世貿申請) TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 42 Examination of application VerDate:04/04/2003 Examination and publication (1) The Registrar shall examine whether the application satisfies the requirements for registration under this Ordinance, including any requirements imposed by the rules for the purposes of this section. (2) For the purpose of subsection (1), the Registrar shall carry out a search of earlier trade marks to such extent as he considers necessary. (3) If it appears to the Registrar that the requirements for registration are not met, the Registrar shall, by notice in writing- (a) inform the applicant of the Registrar's opinion; (b) inform him that he may make representations to the Registrar to establish that the requirements for registration are met or that he may amend the application so as to meet those requirements, but that he must do so within the prescribed period; and (c) inform him of the provisions of subsection (4). (4) The Registrar shall refuse to accept the application if the applicant- (a) fails to respond to the notice before the end of the period prescribed for the purposes of subsection (3)(b); or (b) fails, before the end of that period, to satisfy the Registrar that the requirements for registration are met or to amend the application so as to meet those requirements. (5) If it appears to the Registrar that the requirements for registration are met, he shall accept the application, but the Registrar may withdraw the acceptance at any time before particulars of the application have been published under section 43 (publication of particulars of application) if it appears to him that the application has been accepted in error. (6) The Registrar shall notify the applicant in writing of any decision made by him under subsection (4) or (5). TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 43 Publication of particulars of application VerDate:04/04/2003 Where the Registrar accepts an application for registration of a trade mark under section 42 (examination of application), particulars of the application shall be published in the official journal in accordance with the rules. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 44 Opposition proceedings VerDate:04/04/2003 Opposition, withdrawal and amendment (1) Any person may, within the prescribed period beginning on the date of publication of particulars of an application under section 43 (publication of particulars of application), give notice to the Registrar of opposition to the registration. (2) A notice of opposition shall be given in writing in the prescribed manner and shall include a statement of the grounds of opposition. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 45 Withdrawal of application VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) An applicant for registration of a trade mark may at any time withdraw his application. (2) If particulars of the application have been published in accordance with section 43 (publication of particulars of application), particulars of the withdrawal shall be published in the official journal in accordance with the rules. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 46 Amendment of application VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) At the request of the applicant, the Registrar may amend an application for registration of a trade mark as provided in this section. (2) An application for registration of a trade mark may be amended for the purpose of adding a representation of a registered trade mark to the representation of the trade mark in question but only if all of the following conditions are met- (a) at the time the request for amendment is made, the registered trade mark is registered in the name of the applicant; (b) the goods or services for which the registered trade mark is registered are identical or similar to the goods or services covered by the application; and (c) the date of registration of the registered trade mark is earlier than the date of application for registration of the trade mark in question. (3) An application for registration of a trade mark may be amended- (a) for the purpose of restricting the goods or services covered by the application; or (b) for such other purposes as may be prescribed. (4) An application for registration of a trade mark may be amended in other respects but only for the purpose of correcting- (a) the name or address of the applicant; (b) errors of wording or of copying; or (c) obvious mistakes, and then only where the correction does not substantially affect the identity of the trade mark or extend the goods or services covered by the application. (5) Provision shall be made by the rules for- (a) the publication of particulars of any amendment which affects the representation of the trade mark, or the goods or services covered by the application; and (b) the making of objections by any person claiming to be affected by the amendment. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 47 Registration VerDate:04/04/2003 Registration (1) Where an application has been accepted by the Registrar under section 42(5) (examination of application) and- (a) no notice of opposition is given within the prescribed period referred to in section 44(1) (opposition proceedings); or (b) all opposition proceedings are withdrawn or decided in favour of the applicant, the Registrar shall register the trade mark by entering the prescribed particulars in the register, unless it appears to him having regard to matters coming to his notice since he accepted the application, that it was accepted in error. (2) On the registration of a trade mark under subsection (1), the Registrar shall issue a certificate of registration to the applicant. (3) Notice of the registration shall be published in the official journal in accordance with the rules. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 48 Date of registration VerDate:04/04/2003 A trade mark shall be registered as of the filing date of the application for registration; and that date shall be deemed for the purposes of this Ordinance to be the date of registration of the trade mark. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 49 Duration of registration VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) A trade mark shall be registered for a period of 10 years beginning on its date of registration. (2) Registration may be renewed in accordance with section 50 (renewal of registration) for further periods of 10 years. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 50 Renewal of registration VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) The owner of a registered trade mark may, in the prescribed manner, request the renewal of the registration of the trade mark, subject to payment of the prescribed renewal fee. (2) Provision may be made by the rules for the Registrar to inform the owner of a registered trade mark, before the expiry of the registration, of the date of expiry and the manner in which the registration may be renewed. (3) A request for renewal must be made, and the renewal fee paid, before the expiry of the registration; and failing this, the request may be made and the renewal fee paid within such further period, of not less than 6 months, as may be prescribed, in which case an additional prescribed fee must also be paid within that period. (4) Renewal shall take effect from the expiry of the previous registration. (5) If the registration is not renewed in accordance with this section, the Registrar shall remove the trade mark from the register. (6) Provision may be made by the rules for the restoration of the registration of a trade mark which has been removed from the register under subsection (5), subject to such conditions, if any, as may be prescribed. (7) Notice of the renewal or restoration of the registration of a trade mark shall be published in the official journal in accordance with the rules. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 51 Division, merger and registration of series VerDate:04/04/2003 Supplementary (1) Provision may be made by the rules as to- (a) the division of an application for the registration of a trade mark into 2 or more separate applications, each of which claims the same protection under this Ordinance as the original application; (b) the merging of separate applications for registration of a trade mark, each of which claims the same protection under this Ordinance, into a single application; (c) the merging of separate registrations, each of which provides the same protection under this Ordinance in relation to the same trade mark, into a single registration; and (d) the registration of a series of trade marks. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), provision may be made by the rules as to- (a) the circumstances in which, and conditions subject to which, the division of an application for registration, the merging of separate applications or registrations, or the registration of a series of trade marks, is permitted; (b) the effect of a division of an application for registration or of a merger of separate applications or registrations; and (c) the purposes for which an application for the registration of a trade mark is to be treated as a single application and those for which it is to be treated as a number of separate applications. (3) In this section, "series of trade marks" (一系列的商標) means a number of trade marks which resemble each other as to their material particulars and differ only as to matters of a non-distinctive character not substantially affecting the identity of the trade mark. "series of trade marks" (一系列的商標) TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 52 Revocation of registration VerDate:04/04/2003 PART VII PROCEEDINGS AFFECTING REGISTRATION Revocation, invalidity and variation (1) An application for the revocation of the registration of a trade mark may be made by any person, and may be made either to the Registrar or to the court. (2) The registration of a trade mark may be revoked on any of the following grounds, namely- (a) that the trade mark has not been genuinely used in Hong Kong by the owner or with his consent, in relation to the goods or services for which it is registered, for a continuous period of at least 3 years, and there are no valid reasons for non-use (such as import restrictions on, or other governmental requirements for, goods or services protected by the trade mark); (b) that the trade mark consists of a sign that, in consequence of the acts or the inactivity of the owner- (i) has become the common name in the trade for goods or services for which the trade mark is registered; or (ii) has become generally accepted within the trade as the sign that describes goods or services for which the trade mark is registered; (c) that in consequence of the use made of it by the owner or with his consent, in relation to the goods or services for which it is registered, the trade mark is liable to mislead the public, particularly as to the nature, quality or geographical origin of those goods or services; or (d) that there has been a contravention of or a failure to observe any condition entered in the register in relation to its registration. (3) For the purposes of subsection (2)- (a) use of a trade mark includes use in a form which differs in elements which do not alter the distinctive character of the trade mark in the form in which it was registered; (b) use of a trade mark in Hong Kong includes applying the trade mark to goods or to the packaging of goods in Hong Kong solely for export purposes; and (c) use of a trade mark in Hong Kong includes, where the trade mark is registered in respect of services, use in relation to services provided or to be provided outside Hong Kong. (4) Subject to subsection (5), the registration of a trade mark shall not be revoked on the ground mentioned in subsection (2)(a) if the use described in that subsection is commenced or resumed after the expiry of the 3-year period and before the application for revocation is made. (5) Any commencement or resumption of the use described in subsection (2)(a) after the expiry of the 3-year period but within the period of 3 months before the making of the application for revocation shall be disregarded unless preparations for the commencement or resumption began before the owner of the registered trade mark became aware that the application might be made. (6) Where grounds for revocation exist in respect of only some of the goods or services for which the trade mark is registered, revocation shall relate to those goods or services only. (7) Where the registration of a trade mark is revoked to any extent, the rights of the owner shall be deemed to have ceased to that extent as from- (a) the date of the application for revocation; or (b) if the Registrar or the court is satisfied that the grounds for revocation existed at an earlier date, that earlier date. (8) For the purposes of subsection (2)(a), the 3-year period may begin at any time on or after the actual date on which particulars of the trade mark were entered in the register under section 47(1) (registration). TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 53 Declaration of invalidity of registration VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) An application for a declaration of invalidity of the registration of a trade mark may be made by any person, and may be made either to the Registrar or to the court. (2) In the case of bad faith in the registration of a trade mark, the Registrar himself may apply to the court for a declaration of the invalidity of the registration. (3) The registration of a trade mark may be declared invalid on the ground that the trade mark was registered in contravention of section 11 (absolute grounds for refusal of registration). (4) Where the trade mark was registered in contravention of section 11(1)(b), (c) or (d), it shall not be declared invalid if, in consequence of the use which has been made of it, it has after registration acquired a distinctive character in relation to the goods or services for which it is registered. (5) Subject to subsections (6) and (7), the registration of a trade mark may also be declared invalid on the ground- (a) that there is an earlier trade mark in relation to which the conditions set out in section 12(1), (2) or (3) (relative grounds for refusal of registration) apply; or (b) that there is an earlier right in relation to which the condition set out in section 12(4) or (5) (relative grounds for refusal of registration) is satisfied. (6) The registration of a trade mark may not be declared invalid under subsection (5) if the owner of the earlier trade mark or other earlier right has consented to the registration. (7) Where a trade mark has been registered on the ground that there has been an honest concurrent use of the trade mark and the earlier trade mark or other earlier right, as provided for by section 13 (honest concurrent use, etc.), the registration of a trade mark may not be declared invalid under subsection (5) unless the Registrar or the court is satisfied that in fact there had been no honest concurrent use of the trade mark and the earlier trade mark or other earlier right. (8) Where the grounds of invalidity exist in respect of only some of the goods or services for which the trade mark is registered, the trade mark shall be declared invalid as regards those goods or services only. (9) Without affecting transactions past and closed, where the registration of a trade mark is declared invalid under this section to any extent, the registration shall to that extent be deemed never to have been made. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 54 Variation of registration VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) An application for the variation of the registration of a trade mark may be made by any person, and may be made either to the Registrar or to the court. (2) The registration of a trade mark may be varied only on the ground that there has been a contravention of or a failure to observe any condition entered in the register in relation to its registration. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 55 Alteration of registered trade mark VerDate:08/07/2005 Alteration and surrender (1) Except as provided in this section, a registered trade mark shall not be altered in the register. (2) The Registrar may, at the request of any owner of a registered trade mark which contains or consists of the name or address of the owner or any previous owner, allow the alteration of that name or address but only to the extent that the alteration does not substantially affect the identity of the trade mark. (Amended 10 of 2005 s. 36) (3) Provision may be made by the rules- (a) as to the effect of any such alteration; (b) for the publication in the official journal of particulars of any such alteration; and (c) for the making of objections by any person claiming to be affected by it. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 55 Alteration of registered trade mark VerDate:04/04/2003 Alteration and surrender (1) Except as provided in this section, a registered trade mark shall not be altered in the register. (2) The Registrar may, at the request of any owner of a registered trade mark which contains or consists of the owner's name or address, allow the alteration of that name or address but only to the extent that the alteration does not substantially affect the identity of the trade mark. (3) Provision may be made by the rules- (a) as to the effect of any such alteration; (b) for the publication in the official journal of particulars of any such alteration; and (c) for the making of objections by any person claiming to be affected by it. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 56 Surrender of registered trade mark VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) The registration of a trade mark may be surrendered by the owner in respect of some or all of the goods or services for which the trade mark is registered. (2) Provision may be made by the rules- (a) as to the manner and effect of a surrender; and (b) for protecting the interests of other persons having a right in the trade mark. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 57 Rectification or correction VerDate:04/04/2003 Rectification, correction and amendment of the register (1) Subject to subsection (2), any person having a sufficient interest may apply for the rectification of an error or omission in the register. (2) An application for rectification may not be made in respect of a matter affecting the validity of the registration of a trade mark. (3) An application for rectification may be made either to the Registrar or to the court. (4) Except where the Registrar or the court directs otherwise, the effect of rectification of the register is that the error or omission in question is deemed never to have been made. (5) The Registrar may, on request made by the owner of a registered trade mark or a licensee, or by any person having an interest in or charge on a registered trade mark the particulars of which have been entered in the register under section 29 (registration of transactions affecting registered trade mark), enter any change in his name or address, or in any other particulars identifying such person, as recorded in the register. (6) Where the Registrar is satisfied that an error or omission in the register is attributable to an error or omission on his part or on the part of the staff of the Registry, he may on his own initiative correct the error or omission in the register, but before doing so he shall give notice of the proposed correction to any person who appears to him to be concerned. (7) The Registrar may remove from the register matter appearing to him to have ceased to have effect. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 58 Amendment of entries to accord with new classification, etc. VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) Provision may be made by the rules to empower the Registrar to do such things as he considers necessary to implement any amended or substituted classification of goods or services for the purposes of the registration of trade marks. (2) Provision may in particular be made by the rules to empower the Registrar to amend entries in the register so as to accord with the amended or substituted classification of goods or services. (3) Where the rules empower the Registrar to amend entries in the register, provision shall also be made by the rules for- (a) the giving of notice to any owner of a registered trade mark who may be affected by an amendment proposed to be made by the Registrar; (b) the publication in the official journal of particulars of the amendments proposed to be made by the Registrar; (c) the making of objections, within such time as may be prescribed, by any owner of a registered trade mark claiming to be affected; and (d) the filing of oppositions, within such time as may be prescribed, by any other person claiming to be affected. (4) Provision may also be made by the rules to empower the Registrar- (a) to require the owner of a registered trade mark, within such time as may be prescribed, to file a proposal for amendment of entries in the register so as to accord with any amended or substituted classification of goods or services; and (b) to cancel or refuse to renew the registration of the trade mark in the event of the owner failing to do so. (5) Any such power of amendment shall not be exercised so as to extend the rights conferred by the registration, except where it appears to the Registrar that compliance with this requirement would involve undue complexity and that any extension would not be substantial and would not adversely affect the rights of any person. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 59 Effect of acquiescence VerDate:04/04/2003 Acquiescence in use of registered trade mark (1) Where the owner of an earlier trade mark or other earlier right has acquiesced for a continuous period of 5 years in the use of a registered trade mark in Hong Kong, being aware of that use, there shall cease to be any entitlement on the basis of that earlier trade mark or other earlier right- (a) to apply for a declaration that the registration of the later trade mark is invalid; or (b) to oppose the use of the later trade mark in relation to the goods or services in relation to which it has been so used, unless the application for registration of the later trade mark was made in bad faith. (2) Where subsection (1) applies, the owner of the later trade mark is not entitled to oppose the use of the earlier trade mark or the exploitation of the earlier right, as the case may be, notwithstanding that the earlier trade mark or earlier right may no longer be invoked against his later trade mark. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 60 Defensive trade marks VerDate:04/04/2003 PART VIII DEFENSIVE TRADE MARKS, COLLECTIVE MARKS AND CERTIFICATION MARKS (1) If a registered trade mark has been used so much in relation to all or any of the goods or services for which it is registered that it has become exceptionally well known in Hong Kong and, as a result, its use in relation to other goods or services would be likely to detract from its distinctive character in relation to the goods or services for which it has been so used, the trade mark may, on the application of the owner of the registered trade mark made to the Registrar, be registered as a defensive trade mark in respect of any or all of those other goods or services. (2) A trade mark may be registered as a defensive trade mark in respect of particular goods or services even if the owner of the registered trade mark does not use or intend to use the trade mark in relation to those goods or services. (3) A trade mark may be registered as a defensive trade mark in respect of particular goods or services even if it is already registered (otherwise than as a defensive trade mark) in the name of the applicant in respect of those goods or services. (4) A trade mark that is registered as a defensive trade mark in respect of particular goods or services may be subsequently registered (otherwise than as a defensive trade mark) in the name of the owner of the registered trade mark in respect of the same goods or services. (5) The Registrar shall refuse an application made under subsection (1) if- (a) the trade mark is not registered as a trade mark in the name of the applicant; or (b) the extent to which the registered trade mark is being or has been used does not accord with the circumstances described in subsection (1). (6) Any person may apply to the Registrar or to the court for the revocation of the registration of a trade mark as a defensive trade mark on any of the following grounds- (a) that the trade mark is not otherwise registered in the name of the owner of the registered defensive trade mark; or (b) that the extent to which the registered trade mark is being or has been used does not accord with the circumstances described in subsection (1), and such revocation may be in respect of all or any of the goods or services in respect of which the registered trade mark is registered as a defensive trade mark. (7) Section 38(3) (application for registration), section 52(2)(a), (b) and (c) (revocation of registration) and such other provisions of this Ordinance as may be inconsistent with this section shall not apply in relation to defensive trade marks. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 61 Collective marks VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) A collective mark is a sign distinguishing the goods or services of members of the association which is the owner of the sign from those of other undertakings. (2) This Ordinance applies to collective marks in the manner and to the extent specified in Schedule 3. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 62 Certification marks VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) A certification mark is a sign indicating that the goods or services in connection with which it is used are certified by the owner of the sign in respect of origin, material, mode of manufacture of goods or performance of services, quality, accuracy or other characteristics. (2) This Ordinance applies to certification marks in the manner and to the extent specified in Schedule 4. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 63 Well-known trade marks: Article 6bis of Paris Convention VerDate:04/04/2003 PART IX PARIS CONVENTION AND WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION AGREEMENT: SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS (1) Subject to section 59 (effect of acquiescence), the owner of a trade mark which is entitled to protection under the Paris Convention as a well-known trade mark is entitled to restrain by injunction the use in Hong Kong of a trade mark which, or the essential part of which, is identical or similar to his trade mark, in relation to identical or similar goods or services, where such use is likely to cause confusion on the part of the public. (2) Nothing in subsection (1) affects the continuation of any use in good faith of a trade mark which was begun before the commencement of this section. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 64 National emblems, etc.: Article 6ter of Paris Convention VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) Subject to section 11(6) (absolute grounds for refusal of registration), a trade mark which consists of or contains the flag of a Paris Convention country or WTO member shall not be registered without the authorization of the competent authorities of that country or member, unless it appears to the Registrar that use of the flag in the manner proposed is permitted without such authorization. (2) Subject to section 11(6) (absolute grounds for refusal of registration), a trade mark which consists of or contains the armorial bearings or any other state emblem of a Paris Convention country or WTO member which is protected under the Paris Convention (including any armorial bearings or state emblems entitled to such protection by virtue of the World Trade Organization Agreement) shall not be registered without the authorization of the competent authorities of that country or member. (3) A trade mark which consists of or contains an official sign or hallmark adopted by a Paris Convention country or WTO member and indicating control and warranty shall not, where the sign or hallmark is protected under the Paris Convention (including any sign or hallmark entitled to such protection by virtue of the World Trade Organization Agreement), be registered in relation to goods or services which are the same as, or are of a similar kind to, those in relation to which it indicates control and warranty, without the authorization of the competent authorities of that country or member. (4) The provisions of this section as to national flags and other state emblems, and official signs or hallmarks, apply equally to anything which from a heraldic point of view imitates any such flag or other emblem, or sign or hallmark. (5) Nothing in this section prevents the registration of a trade mark on the application of a national of a country who is authorized to make use of a state emblem, or official sign or hallmark, of that country, notwithstanding that it is similar to that of another country. (6) Where by virtue of this section the authorization of the competent authorities of a Paris Convention country or WTO member is or would be required for the registration of a trade mark, those authorities are entitled to restrain by injunction any use of the trade mark in Hong Kong without their authorization. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 65 Emblems, etc., of certain international organizations: Article 6ter of Paris Convention VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) This section applies to- (a) the armorial bearings, flags or other emblems; and (b) the abbreviations and names, of international intergovernmental organizations of which one or more Paris Convention countries or WTO members are members. (2) A trade mark which consists of or contains any such emblem, abbreviation or name which is protected under the Paris Convention (including any emblem, abbreviation or name entitled to such protection by virtue of the World Trade Organization Agreement) shall not be registered without the authorization of the international intergovernmental organization concerned, unless it appears to the Registrar that the use of the emblem, abbreviation or name in the manner proposed- (a) is not such as to suggest to the public that a connection exists between the organization and the trade mark; or (b) is not likely to mislead the public as to the existence of a connection between the user and the organization. (3) The provisions of this section as to emblems of an international intergovernmental organization apply equally to anything which from a heraldic point of view imitates any such emblem. (4) Where by virtue of this section the authorization of an international intergovernmental organization is or would be required for the registration of a trade mark, that organization is entitled to restrain by injunction any use of the trade mark in Hong Kong without its authorization. (5) Nothing in this section affects the rights of a person whose use in good faith of the trade mark in question began before 16 November 1977 (when the relevant provisions of the Paris Convention entered into force in relation to Hong Kong). TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 66 Notification under Article 6ter of Paris Convention VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) For the purposes of section 64 (national emblems, etc.), state emblems of a country (other than the national flag), and official signs or hallmarks, shall be regarded as protected under the Paris Convention, or as protected under the Paris Convention by virtue of the World Trade Organization Agreement, only if, or to the extent that- (a) the country in question has notified the World Intellectual Property Organization in accordance with Article 6ter(3) of the Paris Convention that it desires to protect that emblem, sign or hallmark; (b) the notification remains in force; and (c) no objection to the notification has been transmitted to the World Intellectual Property Organization on behalf of Hong Kong in accordance with Article 6ter(4) of the Paris Convention or any such objection has been withdrawn. (2) For the purposes of section 65 (emblems, etc., of certain international organizations), the emblems, abbreviations and names of an international intergovernmental organization shall be regarded as protected under the Paris Convention, or as protected under the Paris Convention by virtue of the World Trade Organization Agreement, only if, or to the extent that- (a) the organization in question has notified the World Intellectual Property Organization in accordance with Article 6ter(3) of the Paris Convention that it desires to protect that emblem, abbreviation or name; (b) the notification remains in force; and (c) no objection to the notification has been transmitted to the World Intellectual Property Organization on behalf of Hong Kong in accordance with Article 6ter(4) of the Paris Convention or any such objection has been withdrawn. (3) Notification in accordance with Article 6ter(3) of the Paris Convention shall have effect only in relation to applications for registration made more than 2 months after the receipt of the notification. (4) The Registrar shall keep and make available for public inspection at the Registry by any person, during the normal business hours of the Registry, and free of charge, a list of- (a) the state emblems and official signs or hallmarks; and (b) the emblems, abbreviations and names of international intergovernmental organizations, which are for the time being protected under the Paris Convention by virtue of a notification under Article 6ter(3) of the Paris Convention. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 67 Register to be kept VerDate:04/04/2003 PART X ADMINISTRATIVE AND OTHER SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS The register of trade marks (1) The Registrar shall keep at the Registry a register to be known as the register of trade marks. (2) There shall be entered in the register in accordance with this Ordinance and the rules- (a) particulars as to applications for registration of trade marks, including the filing dates and dates of priority; (b) the names of owners of registered trade marks; (c) particulars as to transactions, instruments or events affecting rights in or under registered trade marks and applications for registration; and (d) such other matters as the Registrar may think fit. (3) The register need not be kept in documentary form. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 68 Right to inspect the register VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) Subject to any rules, the public shall have a right to inspect the register during the normal business hours of the Registry. (2) In relation to any portion of the register kept otherwise than in documentary form, the right of inspection conferred by subsection (1) is a right to inspect the material on the register. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 69 Right to copies of entries VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) Any person who applies for a certified copy of an entry in the register or a certified extract from the register shall be entitled to obtain such a copy or extract on payment of a fee prescribed in relation to certified copies and extracts. (2) Any person who applies for an uncertified copy or extract shall be entitled to such a copy or extract on payment of a fee prescribed in relation to uncertified copies and extracts. (3) Applications under this section shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed. (4) In relation to any portion of the register kept otherwise than in documentary form, the right to a copy or extract conferred by subsection (1) or (2) is a right to a copy or extract in a form in which it can be taken away and in which it is visible and legible. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 70 Decisions of Registrar to be taken after hearing VerDate:04/04/2003 Powers and duties of Registrar (1) Without prejudice to any rule of law or to any provision of this Ordinance requiring the Registrar to hear any party to proceedings before him, or to give any such party an opportunity to be heard, the Registrar shall, before taking any decision on any matter under this Ordinance or the rules which is or may be adverse to any party to any proceedings before him, give that party an opportunity to be heard. (2) The Registrar shall give a party to proceedings before him at least 14 days' notice of the time when he may be heard unless that party consents to shorter notice. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 71 Registrar's powers in proceedings before the Registrar VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) The Registrar may, for the purposes of proceedings before him under this Ordinance- (a) summon witnesses; (b) receive written or oral evidence on oath or affirmation; and (c) require the production of documents or articles for inspection and provide for the manner of inspection. (2) The Registrar may make such orders as he thinks fit as respects any matter mentioned in subsection (1). (3) Any order made by the Registrar under this section shall, with leave of the court, be enforceable in like manner as an order of the court. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 72 Power to give preliminary advice, etc. VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) The Registrar shall have the power to give to a person who proposes to apply for the registration of a trade mark advice as to whether the trade mark appears to the Registrar prima facie to be capable of distinguishing goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings within the meaning of section 3(1) (meaning of "trade mark"). (2) Any person who wishes to obtain such advice shall apply to the Registrar in the prescribed manner. (3) If, on an application for the registration of a trade mark as to which the Registrar has given such advice in the affirmative, made within 3 months after the advice is given, the Registrar, after further investigation or consideration, gives notice to the applicant of objection on the ground that the trade mark is not capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of another, the applicant shall be entitled, on giving notice of withdrawal of the application under section 45 (withdrawal of application) within the prescribed period, to have repaid to him any fees paid for the filing of the application. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 73 Power to specify official journal, etc. VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) The Registrar may from time to time, by notice published in the Gazette, specify a publication to be the official journal of record for the purposes of this Ordinance, with effect as of the date specified in the notice. (2) Where a publication is specified under subsection (1), every notice, request, document or other matter required by this Ordinance or the rules to be published in the official journal shall, from the effective date specified in the notice, be published in the publication so specified, and any reference in this Ordinance or the rules to the official journal shall be construed accordingly. (3) The Registrar may publish or cause to be published a journal in which there may be published such documents and information relating to trade marks as the Registrar thinks fit. (4) For the avoidance of doubt, the Registrar may specify the Gazette or the journal referred to in subsection (3) to be the official journal of record. (5) A publication specified under subsection (1) and the journal referred to in subsection (3) need not be in a documentary form. (6) A notice published under subsection (1) shall not be regarded as subsidiary legislation for the purpose of section 34 of the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (Cap 1). TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 74 Power to require use of forms VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) The Registrar may require the use of such forms as he may, by notice published in the official journal, specify in connection with the registration of a trade mark or any other proceeding before him under this Ordinance. (2) A notice under subsection (1) may contain any direction of the Registrar with respect to the use of a form specified in the notice. (3) A notice published under subsection (1) shall not be regarded as subsidiary legislation for the purpose of section 34 of the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (Cap 1). TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 75 Immunity of Registrar as regards official acts VerDate:04/04/2003 Neither the Registrar nor any public officer- (a) shall be taken to warrant the validity of the registration of a trade mark under this Ordinance; or (b) shall incur any liability by reason of, or in connection with, any examination required or authorized by this Ordinance, or any report or other proceeding consequent on any such examination. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 76 Language of proceedings before Registrar VerDate:04/04/2003 Legal proceedings, appeals and related matters (1) Except as otherwise provided in the rules, and notwithstanding section 5 of the Official Languages Ordinance (Cap 5), the official language in which an application for registration of a trade mark is filed shall be used as the language of the proceedings in all proceedings before the Registrar under this Ordinance. (2) The rules may- (a) require, in respect of any document filed or to be filed with the Registrar in proceedings under this Ordinance, the filing of a translation of the document into the language of the proceedings or into one or both official languages; (b) provide for the use by any person in oral proceedings before the Registrar, of a language other than the language of the proceedings; (c) in respect of documents to be used for the purpose of evidence in proceedings before the Registrar and which are in a language other than the language of the proceedings, provide for the filing of the document in that other language and the filing of a translation of the document into the language of the proceedings or into one of the official languages; (d) in respect of information provided or to be provided to the Registrar and which is to be entered in the register, require the provision of that information in both official languages; and (e) provide for the issue of and specify the power of the Registrar to issue documents in one or both official languages. (3) Rules made for the purposes of subsection (2)(a) or (d)- (a) may specify periods within which translations of documents into the language of the proceedings or into the official languages are to be filed or within which information in the official languages is to be provided; and (b) may provide for extensions, upon application by a party to the proceedings, of such periods, and may require that applications for such extension shall be subject to the payment of a prescribed fee. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 77 Procedure in case of option to apply to court or Registrar VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) Where under this Ordinance a person has an option to make an application either to the court or to the Registrar on a question concerning a registered trade mark or an application for registration of a trade mark, then- (a) if any proceedings concerning the registered trade mark or application for registration in question is pending before the court, the application must be made to the court; and (b) if in any other case the application is made to the Registrar, he may, at any stage of the proceedings, refer the application to the court, or he may, after hearing the parties, determine the question. (2) Subsection (1) is without prejudice to the court's powers, apart from this section, to determine any question referred to in that subsection. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 78 Application of rules of evidence VerDate:04/04/2003 Except as otherwise provided in this Ordinance, the Registrar is not bound by the rules of evidence in any proceedings before him under this Ordinance and may inform himself of any matter that is before him in any way that he reasonably believes to be appropriate. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 79 Register is prima facie evidence VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) Subject to subsection (4), the register shall be prima facie evidence of anything required or authorized by this Ordinance or the rules to be registered. (2) A certificate purporting to be signed by the Registrar and certifying that any entry in the register which he is authorized by this Ordinance or the rules to make has or has not been made, or that any other thing which he is so authorized to do has or has not been done, shall be prima facie evidence of the matters so certified. (3) Each of the following, that is to say- (a) a copy of an entry in the register or an extract from the register which is supplied under section 69(1) (right to copies of entries); (b) a copy of- (i) any document kept in the Registry; (ii) an extract from any such document; or (iii) any application for registration of a trade mark, which purports to be a certified copy or a certified extract shall, subject to subsection (4), be admitted in evidence in all courts, and in all proceedings, without further proof and without production of any original. (4) This section is without prejudice to section 22A or 22B or Part IV of the Evidence Ordinance (Cap 8) and any provision made by virtue of that section or Part. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 80 Registration is prima facie evidence of validity, etc. VerDate:04/04/2003 In any proceedings relating to a registered trade mark, including proceedings for rectification of the register, the registration of a person as owner of a trade mark shall be prima facie evidence of the validity of the original registration and of any subsequent assignment or other transmission of it. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 81 Certificate of validity of contested registration VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) If in proceedings before the court the validity of the registration of a trade mark is contested and it is found by the court that the trade mark is validly registered, the court may give a certificate to that effect. (2) If the court gives such a certificate and in any subsequent proceedings, either before the court or the Registrar- (a) the validity of the registration is again questioned on the same or substantially the same grounds; and (b) the owner of the registered trade mark obtains a final order, judgment or decision in his favour, the owner is entitled to his costs on an indemnity basis unless the court or the Registrar, as the case may be, directs otherwise. (3) Subsection (2) does not extend to the costs of an appeal in any such proceedings. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 82 Burden in civil proceedings of proving use of trade mark VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) If, in any civil proceedings under this Ordinance in which the owner of a registered trade mark is a party, a question arises as to the use to which the trade mark has been put, the burden of proving that use shall lie with the owner. (2) If, in any civil proceedings under this Ordinance in which a licensee of a registered trade mark is a party, a question arises as to the use to which the trade mark has been put, the burden of proving that use shall lie with- (a) the owner of the trade mark, where he is a party to the proceedings; or (b) the licensee, where the owner is not a party to the proceedings. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 83 Registrar's appearance in proceedings involving the register VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) In proceedings before the court involving an application for- (a) the revocation or variation of the registration of a trade mark; (b) a declaration of the invalidity of the registration of a trade mark; or (c) the rectification of the register, the Registrar is entitled to appear and be heard, and shall appear if so directed by the court. (2) Unless otherwise directed by the court, the Registrar may instead of appearing, submit to the court a statement in writing signed by him, giving particulars of- (a) any proceedings before him in relation to the matter in issue; (b) the grounds of any decision given by him; (c) the practice of the Registrar or the Registry in like cases, if any; and (d) such matters relevant to the issues involved in the proceedings and within his knowledge as the Registrar thinks fit, and the statement shall be deemed to form part of the evidence in the proceedings before the court. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 84 Appeals from decisions or orders of Registrar VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) An appeal lies to the court from any decision or order of the Registrar under this Ordinance. (2) Unless the court otherwise directs, any appeal under this Ordinance which concerns an application for registration of a trade mark shall be heard in public. (3) In any appeal under this Ordinance- (a) the Registrar shall be entitled to appear and be represented and be heard in support of his decision or order; and (b) the Registrar shall appear if so directed by the court. (4) In this section, "decision" (決定) includes any act of the Registrar made in the exercise of a discretion vested in him by or under this Ordinance. "decision" (決定) TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 85 General powers of court VerDate:04/04/2003 The court may, for the purpose of determining any question in the exercise of its original or appellate jurisdiction under this Ordinance, make any order or exercise any other power which the Registrar could have made or exercised for the purpose of determining that question. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 86 Costs of proceedings before court VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) In all proceedings before the court under this Ordinance the court may award to any party such costs as it may consider reasonable. (2) If in any such proceedings the court directs that any costs of one party shall be paid by another party, the court may settle the amount of the costs by fixing a lump sum or may direct that the costs shall be taxed on a scale specified by the court, being a scale of costs prescribed by rules of court. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 87 Costs of proceedings before Registrar VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) The Registrar may, in proceedings before him under this Ordinance, by order award to any party such costs as he may consider reasonable and direct how and by what parties they are to be paid. (2) Any costs awarded under this section shall, if the court so orders, be recoverable by execution issued from the court as if they were payable under an order of that court. (3) Provision may be made by the rules- (a) to empower the Registrar, in such cases as may be prescribed, to require a party to any proceedings before him to give security for costs in relation to those proceedings; and (b) as to the consequences if security is not given. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 88 Recognition of agents VerDate:04/04/2003 Miscellaneous matters (1) Except as otherwise provided by the rules, any act required or authorized by this Ordinance to be done by or to a person in connection with the registration of a trade mark, or any procedure relating to a trade mark, may be done by or to an agent authorized by that person orally or in writing. (2) The rules may in particular authorize the Registrar to refuse to recognize as an agent in respect of any business under this Ordinance any person specified for the purpose in the rules. (3) The Registrar shall refuse to recognize as an agent a person having neither residence nor a place of business in Hong Kong. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 89 Hours of business and business days VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) The Registrar may give directions specifying the hours of business of the Registry for the purpose of the transaction of business under this Ordinance and the days which are business days for that purpose. (2) Business done on any day after the specified hours of business, or on a day which is not a business day, shall be deemed to have been done on the next business day; and where the time for doing anything under this Ordinance expires on a day which is not a business day, that time shall be extended to the next business day. (3) Directions given by the Registrar under this section may make different provision for different classes of business and shall be published in the prescribed manner. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 90 Government's right to sell forfeited articles VerDate:04/04/2003 Nothing in this Ordinance affects the right of the Government or any person deriving title directly or indirectly from the Government to dispose of or use articles forfeited under the law relating to customs or excise. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 91 Rules VerDate:04/04/2003 PART XI SUBSIDIARY LEGISLATION (1) The Registrar may make rules- (a) for the purposes of any provision of this Ordinance which contemplates or authorizes the making of rules (other than rules of court) with respect to any matter; (b) prescribing anything authorized or required by a provision of this Ordinance to be prescribed; and (c) generally for regulating the practice and procedure under this Ordinance. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), rules made under this section may make provision- (a) as to the manner of filing of applications for registration of a trade mark and other documents with the Registrar; (b) as to the making of applications for registration of a trade mark by a partnership, association or other unincorporated body and the registration of trade marks in the name of such a body; (c) requiring and regulating the translation of documents and the filing and authentication of any translation; (d) as to the manner of publication of any notice, request, document or other matter required by this Ordinance or the rules to be published in the official journal; (e) specifying the person or class of persons by whom any such notice, request, document or matter shall be published in the official journal and specifying the consequences of a failure to publish; (f) as to the time when applications and other documents shall be treated as having been filed with the Registrar for the purposes of this Ordinance or the rules; (g) as to the service of documents; (h) regulating the procedure to be followed in connection with any proceedings or other matter before the Registrar and authorizing the rectification of irregularities of procedure; (i) requiring fees to be paid in connection with any such proceedings or matter or in connection with the provision of any service by the Registry; (j) empowering the Registrar to tax costs awarded by him in any proceedings before him; (k) regulating the mode of giving evidence in any such proceedings, whether orally or in writing and whether by means of the production of documents or articles or otherwise; (l) regulating the inspection of documents or articles; (m) prescribing time limits for doing anything required to be done in connection with any proceedings under this Ordinance; (n) providing for the extension of any time limit so prescribed, or specified by the Registrar, whether or not it has already expired; (o) as to the public inspection of the register and the supply of certified or uncertified copies of entries in, or certified or uncertified copies of extracts from, the register in the event the register is not kept in documentary form; and (p) providing for the publication and sale of documents and information by the Registry. (3) Rules made under this section may make different provisions for different cases. (4) Rules made under this section- (a) authorizing the rectification of irregularities of procedure; or (b) providing for the alteration of any period of time, may authorize the extension or further extension of any period of time notwithstanding that the period has already expired. (5) Rules made under this section prescribing fees shall not be made except with the consent of the Financial Secretary. (6) Any rules made under subsection (2)(i) may- (a) prescribe fees fixed at; or (b) provide for fees to be fixed at, levels that provide for the recovery of expenditure incurred or likely to be incurred by the Government or other authority in the exercise of any or all functions under this Ordinance, and shall not be limited by reference to the amount of administrative or other costs incurred or likely to be incurred in the exercise of any particular function. (7) Provision may in particular be made by the rules as to- (a) the payment of a single fee in respect of 2 or more matters; and (b) the circumstances, if any, in which a fee may be waived or refunded. (8) Rules may be made under this section providing for arrangements to be made by the Registrar for the publication of reports of decisions or orders made by the Registrar under this Ordinance or decisions or orders relating to trade marks made by any court or body (whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere). TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 92 Regulations VerDate:04/04/2003 The Chief Executive in Council may by regulation- (a) add to Schedule 1 (Paris Convention countries and WTO members) the name of- (i) any country which has acceded to the Paris Convention; (ii) any country, territory or area which has acceded to the World Trade Organization Agreement; (b) delete from Schedule 1 the name of- (i) any country which has denounced the Paris Convention; (ii) any country, territory or area which has denounced the World Trade Organization Agreement; (c) otherwise amend Schedule 1; (d) amend Schedule 2 (determination of well-known trade marks); (e) amend Schedule 3 (collective marks); and (f) amend Schedule 4 (certification marks). TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 93 Falsification of the register VerDate:04/04/2003 PART XII OFFENCES (1) Any person who makes or causes to be made a false entry in the register, knowing or having reason to believe that it is false, commits an offence. (2) Any person who- (a) makes or causes to be made anything falsely purporting to be a copy of an entry in the register; or (b) produces or tenders or causes to be produced or tendered in evidence any such thing, knowing or having reason to believe that it is false, commits an offence. (3) Any person who commits an offence under this section is liable- (a) on summary conviction, to a fine at level 5 and to imprisonment for 6 months; and (b) on conviction on indictment, to a fine at level 5 and to imprisonment for 2 years. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 94 Falsely representing trade mark as registered VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) Any person who- (a) falsely represents that a sign is a registered trade mark; or (b) makes a false representation as to the goods or services for which a trade mark is registered, knowing or having reason to believe that the representation is false, commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine at level 3. (2) For the purposes of this section, the use in Hong Kong in relation to a trade mark of- (a) the word "registered" or "註冊"; or (b) any other word or symbol importing a reference, either express or implied, to registration, is deemed to be a representation as to registration under this Ordinance unless it is shown that the reference is to registration elsewhere than in Hong Kong and that the trade mark is in fact so registered for the goods or services in question. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 95 Misuse of title "Trade Marks Registry" VerDate:04/04/2003 Any person who uses on his place of business, or on any document issued by him, or otherwise, the words "Trade Marks Registry" or "商標註冊處" or any other words suggesting that his place of business is, or is officially connected with, the Registry, commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine at level 4. TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 96 Offences committed by and proceedings relating to corporations VerDate:04/04/2003 (1) Where an offence under this Ordinance committed by a corporation is proved to have been committed with the consent or connivance of a director, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the corporation, or a person purporting to act in any such capacity, he as well as the corporation is guilty of the offence and liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. (2) The following provisions apply for the purposes of proceedings for an offence under this Ordinance alleged to have been committed by a corporation- (a) any rules of court relating to the service of documents; and (b) section 19A (plea by a corporation before a magistrate) and section 87 (procedure on charge of indictable offence against corporation) of the Magistrates Ordinance (Cap 227). (3) In this section, "director" (董事) includes- (a) any person who occupies the position of director, by whatever name called; and (b) any person in accordance with whose directions or instructions the directors of a corporation are accustomed to act. (4) A person shall not be treated as a director of a corporation by reason only that the directors of the corporation act on advice given by him in a professional capacity. "director" (董事) TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE - SECT 97 Transitional matters, etc. VerDate:04/04/2003 PART XIII TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS, CONSEQUENTIAL AND RELATED AMENDMENTS AND REPEALS (1) Sc